By Howard I. Maibach
Poisonous damage to the surface within the common inhabitants, and especially in western populations, is at the elevate. this can be partially as a result of increasing variety of traditional and man-made chemical substances found in our daily setting. the necessity for a radical knowing of the surface, and the mechanisms of toxicity therein, hasn't ever been extra urgent. This benchmark quantity presents the newest findings in pores and skin toxicology in a single definitive resource, and it will possibly no longer be extra well timed. Toxicology of the surface is a part of the hugely acclaimed objective Organ Toxicology Series-a prime sequence of experiences written and edited by means of a panel of the world over well known specialists of their respective fields. Dermatologists and toxicology experts will locate this article vital.
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Additional info for Toxicology of the Skin (Target Organ Toxicology Series)
Example text
1992). , 1992). , 1992). A trained person scored the discs with a microscope at x20 magnification (Paye and Morrison, 1996): Intercorneocyte cohesion: 0=large sheet; 1=large clusters+few isolated cells; 2= small clusters+many isolated cells; 3=clusters in disruption, most cells isolated; 4=all cells isolated, many cases of lysis. Amount and distribution of dye found in cells: 0=no staining; 1=staining between cells or slight staining in cells; 2=moderate staining in cells; 3=large amount of dye in cells, but uniform; 4=important staining in all cells, often with grains.
4). Similarly, a blend of 20% LAS+10% SLES+10% C9–11 alcohol 8 EQ (nonionic), a total surfactant level of 40%, was substantially less irritant than 20% LAS alone. , 1993). 4. Reduced irritancy of mixed surfactant systems Mixture of surfactants vs. , 1993 20% LAS+10% SLES+10% C9–11 alcohol 8EO<20% LAS SLES=sodium lauryl ether 2EO sulphate; CAPB=cocoamidopropyl betaine; CDEA=cocodiethanolamine; DDAB=dimethyl dodecyl amido betaine; SLG=sodium lauroyl glutamate. , 1994). , 1997, 1999). Less irritant responses to a mixture of surfactants could basically be explained by competitive interactions between surfactants used.
Contact Dermatitis, 28:198. I. (1995): Surfactants and experimental irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 33:217–225. I. (1996): Differential irritant skin responses to topical retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate: Alone and in crossover design. Br. , 134:424–430. H. (1994): A comparative study of the cytotoxicity of skin irritants on cultured human o and skin keratinocytes. Br. Dermatol. 130:24–28. L. (1998): Characterization of detergent-induced barrier alterations: Effects of barrier cream on irritation.