By Pascal Kintz
Toxicological features of Drug-Facilitated Crimes offers readers with an summary of the sector of DFC: its historical past, toxicological results, research, interpretation of effects, the jobs that age, gender and race may possibly play, and scientific shows of those medications. the main regularly occurring medicinal drugs in DFC are addressed (alcohol, hashish, MDMA, and cocaine), in addition to an rising diversity of prescription drugs (benzodiazepines, hypnotics, sedatives, neuroleptics, histamine H1-antagonists, or anesthetics), that are changing into extra normal, yet are more challenging to realize. Edited through a world-renowned specialist within the box of Forensic and Analytical Toxicology, Pascal Kintz, this booklet investigates toxicants of rising quandary and brings jointly a few specialists within the box to handle the latest discoveries on DFC toxicology.
- Brings jointly the most recent study at the toxicological research of drug-facilitated crimes (DFC), with real-life case studies
- Provides up to date analytical suggestions for selecting toxicity degrees in blood, urine, and hair
- Covers all kinds of toxicants all for DFC, together with alcohol, hashish, MDMA, and a large choice of pharmaceuticals
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Extra info for Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes
Sample text
Memory impairment, loss of insight and transient euphoria are also common. These effects are one of the reasons why benzodiazepines are the most commonly used compounds in DFC. 9À11 Benzodiazepines generally present a good and rapid absorption. They are metabolized by oxidation via CYP3A alone or with CYP2C19 (clobazam and diazepam), or via glucuronidation (lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam). Metabolism varies considerably between individuals, and inter-subject variation in concentration of both parent compounds and metabolites (actives or inactives) is common.
52 4. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA ON DRUG-FACILITATED CRIME IN CANADA In Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the federal agency Statistics Canada keep national statistics on DFCs and DFSAs, but these data are not so easy to obtain. 54 The period studied in the retrospective population base from British Columbia was wide (1993 to 2002), but gave only demographics data and no data were provided regarding alcohol and the different drugs used in DFCs/DFSAs. The most important conclusion was the demonstration that the incidence of hospital-reported DFSAs has shown a marked and sustained increase since 1999 and that young women in their teens are particularly vulnerable to this form of sexual assault.
GHB and its precursor gammabutyrolactone (GBL) were used in 14 cases and one case, respectively. GBL is detected in the metabolized form of GHB and information concerning the use of GBL is provided by confiscation of the bottle and analysis of its content. 33 The choice of one molecule rather than another is not dictated by the victim’s gender or age, as, with a few exceptions (volatile substances), children in this series received the same substances as adults, regardless of the risk of overdose complications.