By Maurice Punch
'Shoot To Kill' offers a clean, available and much-needed evaluate of a debatable subject, in particular after the taking pictures of Jean-Charles De Menezes in 2005. Police, country, deadly strength and responsibility -- Firearms in British and Dutch policing -- Police use of firearms: lethal weapons, eventualities and 'mistakes' -- Rights, command and responsibility -- the army paradigm: Stockwell, Kratos and the aftermath -- end: From bobby to Robocop?
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Additional resources for Shoot to Kill: Police accountability, firearms and fatal force
Sample text
In considering this question, the Court examined the various strategic and tactical decisions taken by the authorities prior to and during the anti-terrorist operation. Concerning the briefing attended by the soldiers, the Court noted that it was considered likely that the attack would be by a large car bomb, and consequently a number of key assessments were made. In particular, it was thought that the bomb would be detonated by a radio-controlled device; that the detonation could be effected by the pressing of a button; that it was likely that the suspects would detonate the bomb if challenged; and that they would be armed and would be likely to use their arms defensively if confronted.
Notes 1 In the United Kingdom (UK) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland there used to be three separate police systems in three jurisdictions – in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. There are now two police systems but Northern Ireland, like Scotland, has different laws from those of England and Wales. But as the RUC in Northern Ireland was armed since the early 1920s, and still is, as the PSNI, I shall refer largely to ‘British’ policing rather than UK policing while much of the data cited refers primarily to England and Wales.
These had varying names: in the Met it was the Special Patrol Group ,or SPG (which attracted some notoriety: Rollo, 1980), in Essex the Force Support Unit (FSU) and in Greater Manchester the Tactical Assistance Group (TAG). Also the reaction to the increasing number of firearms incidents, with the Roberts shooting as a traumatic event, meant that 1966 ‘marked a fundamental change in the approach of the police to armed operations’ (Waddington, 1991: 13). Phase two: 1966 and all that: Armed denial In the late 1960s and early 1970s there was then a move to arming some officers on a regular basis.