Download Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers, Second Edition by Eric Wane Smith, Howard I. Maibach PDF

By Eric Wane Smith, Howard I. Maibach

Penetration enhancement technology and method have replaced and built dramatically in each element of dermatology because the ebook of the 1st version of Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers. completely up-to-date, this moment version is the main finished reference at the latest and experimental tools on hand within the box. The editorial panel examines a extensive and finished scope of chemical enhancers and numerous actual equipment of enhancement. This variation includes distinct descriptions of the most recent thoughts, and a number of other chapters care for the fashionable analytical options tailored to evaluate and degree penetration enhancement.

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Structurally, fatty acids consist of an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group. These fatty acids differ in their hydrocarbon chain length, in the number, position, and configuration of double bonds, and have branching and other substituents. 2005 10:31pm Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids & 145 Effect of Carbon Chain Length of Fatty Acids There are several reports on the effect of carbon chain length of fatty acids on the skin permeation enhancement of drugs. 26 studied the effect of saturated fatty acids (C12–C18) on the percutaneous absorption of piroxicam through rat skin and the enhancement effect was decreased linearly with increasing carbon number of saturated fatty acid from 12 to 18.

Et al. Vitamin A loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical use: occlusive properties and drug targeting to the upper skin, Eur. J. Pharm. , 49, 211, 2000. 31. , Solid lipid nanoparticles as drug carriers for topical glucocorticoids, Int. J. , 196, 165, 2000. 32. Hagedorn-Leweke, U. , Accumulation of sunscreens and other compounds in keratinous substrates, Eur. J. Pharm. , 46, 215, 1998. 33. Freitas, C. , Correlation between long-term stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and crystallinity of the lipid phase, Eur.

Since sunscreens are intended to act on the surface of the skin, they should penetrate as little as possible into the viable epidermis, dermis, and into the systemic circulation [34]. Also, the presence of sunscreens on top of the horny layer prevents phototoxic and photoallergic reactions which have been observed for various molecular UV-blockers [39, 40]. Incorporation of molecular sunscreens into SLN has a synergistic effect on their protective characteristics. Studies using a membrane-free model by Wissing and Muller [38, 16] clearly showed that incorporation of the molecular sunscreen oxybenzone in SLNs decreased the rate of release by up to 50% compared to equally sized emulsions.

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