By Elinor DeWire
Curiosity within the heritage and renovation of lighthouses hasn't ever been more desirable. Lighthouses of the Mid-Atlantic Coast information the historical past of lighthouses and masses extra, and exhibits why those constructions proceed to fascinate us. notice what existence for lighthouse keepers used to be quite like. find out about the heritage of U.S. colonial lighthouses and the function lighthouses have performed in numerous wars. Meet the courageous, nefarious, and colourful characters who served as lighthouse keepers and executive overseers. know about lighthouse expertise and structure and learn how those treasures are being preserved.
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Extra info for Lighthouses of the Mid-Atlantic Coast: Your Guide to the Lighthouses of New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia
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5. 5 ? 5 ? 3 ? 5. To compare requirements for houses with ground source heat pumps, the net energy demand for space, ventilation, and hot water heating can be compared. 5 for domestic hot water heating, Fig. 2. Similar to Fig. 1, the maximum allowed delivered energy for apartment and office buildings is shown in Fig. 3. District heat is considered as heat source, but the results will be similar with a gas boiler. Appliances and lighting are not included in apartment buildings, but in the office buildings, lighting is included in the delivered energy.
Today, major renovations have to comply with TEK10, as long as technical or architectural conditions do not make these non-economic. The definition of nZEB to be adopted as a standard for new buildings from 2020 is still under development. The floor area used is the heated floor area measured inside the external walls (including internal partitions). Norway has a number of climate zones. The values given below are valid for the ‘‘standard’’ climate zone around Oslo, which is in the southeastern part of the country.
Sensitivity analyses (discount rate, escalation of energy prices and other parameters) All this steps are independent and they did not lead to iterative approach or optimization algorithm, which indeed can improve accuracy in more detailed analyses. Cost optimal calculation to obtain the minimum NPV can just done by straightforward calculation of steps 2–6 for all specified cases (according to steps 2 and 3). If specified cases will not show the minimum of the NPV, additional cases are to be specified to obtain the minimum.