By Michael S. Roberts
Written through the world over famous specialists within the box of dermal absorption and toxicity review, this resource provides a state of the art evaluation of the dermal absorption procedure. Divided into six sections masking epidermis constitution and absorption, size of absorption, modeling of dermal absorption and probability evaluate, pores and skin toxicity and its prevention, regulatory concerns and particular examples of the absorption of environmental fabrics, this advisor covers the wide variety of equipment used to evaluate dermis absorption and some of the governmental and commercial courses fascinated about epidermis permeation and toxicity, together with replacement in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques to behavior reports for regulatory approval.
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Extra resources for Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment, Second Edition (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences)
Example text
24. Grando SA. Cholinergic control of epidermal cohesion. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:265–82. 25. Chernyavsky AI, Arredondo J, Wess J, et al. Novel signalling pathways mediating reciprocal control of keratinocyte migration and wound epithelialization by M3 and M4 muscarinic receptors. J Cell Biol 2004; 166:261–72. 26. Nguyen VT, Arredondo J, Chernyavsky AI, et al. Keratinocyte acetylcholine receptors regulate cell adhesion. Life Sci 2003; 72:2081–5. 27. Nguyen VT, Chernyavsky AI, Arredondo J, et al. Synergistic control of keratinocyte adhesion through muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes.
Skin must be obtained immediately after slaughter and before extensive processing begins. The hair follicle consists of four major components: (1) internal root sheath, (2) external root sheath, (3) dermal papilla, and (4) hair matrix. The cells covering the dermal papilla and composing most of the hair bulb are the hair matrix cells. 24 Monteiro-Riviere et al. These are comparable with stratum basale cells of regular epidermis except that they have less lipid and produce harder keratin than their epidermal counterparts.
Abbreviations: Mpt, melting point; MW, molecular weight. Source: From Refs. 54 56. solutes in high concentrations may exhibit nonlinear concentration dependencies due to effects on the stratum corneum or association in the vehicle. An ideal maximum flux may be estimated as a product of aqueous solubility and permeability coefficient kp, where kp may be defined in terms of octanol–water partition coefficients log Koct and molecular weight (MW) by an expression similar to that developed by Potts and Guy (57): log kp Z 0:71 log Koct K0:0061 MWK2:72 (3) Epidermal Reservoir and Dermal Clearance Lipophilic solutes may also accumulate in the skin to form a so-called skin reservoir (58).