By Robert E. Park
Seldom brought up or even passed over from a few bibliographies, Robert E. Park's Heidelberg college doctoral dissertation, Masse und Publikum (1904), is the 1st significant paintings by means of probably the most influential pioneers of yankee sociology. because the Crowd and the general public, it now seems for the 1st time in English.
"Crowd" arid "public" are the normal devices handled via collective habit, a box which Park named and introduced. right here Park's basic obstacle is to outline the devices of study and determine issues of view for sociology and social psychology. the elemental differences among the group and the general public are easily said: the group suppresses the diversities between its contributors and uncritically and unanimously fixes its awareness upon a few item; the general public is the polar contrary in its reputation of person modifications in worth and curiosity, conducting rational dialogue and debate, and arriving at a consensus which doesn't impose unanimity on its members.
For his dissertation Park drew at the principles of many ecu and American psychologists and philosophers, together with LeBon, Sighele, Baldwin, Royce, Rousseau, Hegel, and the Scottish ethical philosophers. the range of resources and the method in their integration provide vital insights into the origins of Park's personal inspiration, and during it, into the affects upon early American sociology.
In addition to the advent via Henry Elsner, Jr., this quantity contains Donald N. Levine's "Note at the Crowd and the general public" and 3 of Park's later essays on comparable topics which replicate the continuity of the guidelines first expressed within the Crowd and the general public. they're "Reflections on verbal exchange and Culture," "Symbiosis and Socialization: A body of Reference for the research of Society," and "Social making plans and Human Nature."
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Extra resources for The Crowd and the Public, and Other Essays
Sample text
21 This principle is identical with the general evolutionary law of Herbert Spencer,22 but the application is new. In a strict sense, it is no longer a law of evolution, but a principle of classification. How ever, it must be remembered that this classification is a psycholog ical one. According to Rossi, the difference between collective psychology and sociology is that collective psychology is con cerned with the collective mind, and sociology with the physical structure, the body, of human association.
IV Once the crowd is viewed as a new collective being, its characteristics can be considered. The individuals who compose a crowd exhibit different characteristics, depending upon whether they are acting alone or are united in the crowd. Those traits peculiar to individuals when they were united in a crowd were called “ crowd characteristics” by Le Bon. As Le Bon sees them, these crowd characteristics are: 1. Heightened emotional sensitivity, impetuosity and capri ciousness. The individual by himself can be subjected to the same stimuli as the man in a crowd, but the individual’s intellect makes him alert to the results of his actions, and he suppresses the dan gerous impulses.
37 Sidis, Psychology of Suggestion, pp. 310-11. “ Man is a social animal, no doubt, but he is social because he is suggestible. Blind obedience is a social virtue. But blind obedience is the very essence of suggestibility, the constitution of the disaggregated sub-waking self. ” 20 THE CROWD AND THE PUBLIC vast migration of peoples, the Crusades, and the French Revolu tion. They serve as examples of the spatial and temporal effects of the social epidemic. Here the crowd appears as a great revolu tionary force which shakes and overturns a whole civilization.