By James G. Clark
The boys and girls that the sixth-century customs of Benedict of Nursia (c.480-c.547) shaped the main enduring, influential, a variety of and frequent spiritual order of the Latin heart a long time. Their liturgical perform, and their received style for studying, served as a version for the medieval church as an entire: whereas new orders arose, they took a few of their customs, and their observant and non secular outlook, from the Regula Benedicti. The Benedictines can also be counted one of the founders of medieval Europe. in lots of areas of the continent they created, or consolidated, the 1st Christian groups; additionally they directed the improvement in their social company, financial system, and surroundings, and exerted a strong effect on their rising cultural and highbrow trends.
This booklet, the 1st comparative research of its type, follows the Benedictine Order over 11 centuries, from their early diaspora to the problem of continental reformation.
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M. Lapidge and M. 143, 150–1, 155–60, Letter IV (to Geraint), Letter XII (to the abbots of Wilfrid). 98. 130 Wormald, ‘Bede and Benedict Biscop, 145. 95. 132 W. 45–59. See also Y. 102–7. A. 199–202. 135 He failed, but in 719, with the patronage, and symbolic pallium, of Pope Gregory II, he embarked on a mission in the pagan territory east of the Rhine. 136 His first biographer, Willibald, implied that the communities formed under his influence were Benedictine in character. 137 The most important foundation to emerge from this mission was at Fulda (744).
P. 94–7. 94 For the Hatton manuscript, see The Rule of St Benedict: Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 48, ed. H. Farmer, EEMF 15 (Copenhagen, 1968). See also M. Lapidge, ‘The School of Theodore and Hadrian’, Anglo-Saxon England 15 (2007), 45–72 at 62–4. 243–4. 700 recension reinforces the impression that the reach of the text of the RB – as distinct from customs derived from it – was limited in the generations before and after 700. 96 The descent of 96 Regula Benedicti de codice 914 in bibliotheca monasterii S.
Where the two texts were brought together, the RB was used primarily to create a framework for conventual life, adopting Benedict’s preferences for the principal officers and their roles, and the election of the superior. In houses of Columbanian origin, or those where a vestige of the Caesarian tradition had been overwritten with the Regula Columbani, the moderate discipline and modest asceticism of the RB may also have been adopted as a counterbalance to the severity of their own custom. Although Benedict also offered a daily office less demanding than the Columbanian scheme, in north western regions it would appear the Celtic pattern of worship was preferred.