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By Anders Pape Møller, Manfred Milinski and Peter J.B. Slater (Eds.)

Advances within the learn of habit keeps to serve scientists throughout a large spectrum of disciplines. concentrating on new theories and examine advancements with recognize to behavioral ecology, evolutionarybiology, and comparative psychology, those volumes foster cooperation and conversation in those varied fields.

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8. Daily urinary cortisol excretion of two male tree shrews that lived in a cage separated by a nontransparent partition. After habituation to the new cage the partition between the animals was removed on 3 days daily for 10 min, which resulted in slight fights and the establishment of a dominance order (C). For the rest of the days both animals were separated by a wire mesh partition to allow visual contact between the rivals. As evident from the figure, cortisol excretion increased in the subordinate male during the period of visual contact with its rival and returned to initial values after separation by a nontransparent partition, while the opposite was found in the dominant individual.

B. Diurnal and Other Variations of Physiological Parameters. There are a number of other problems associated with the measurement of hormone levels. In the majority of hormones secretion is not continuous, but occurs in a pulsatile fashion. The pulse amplitude is usually highest at the beginning of the activity period and lowest at the end, resulting in a marked diurnal rhythmicity of the hormone output (Fig. 6). Due to this pulsatile secretion, the hormone concentrations in the blood can change by a factor of 10 or more within minutes.

9). The blood sampling procedure elicits a maximal glucocorticosteroid release in tree shrews within the first 15 min, which cannot be further increased by injection of higher doses of ACTH. Accordingly, in vitro superfusion analyses of the adrenals from controls and stressed animals show an extremely good correlation between the in vitro cortisol production of the adrenals after maximal stimulation of their secretion through addition of ACTH to the superfusion medium, and the serum cortisol values obtained from the individuals earlier in a challenge test (Fig.

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