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Sample text

We know (we do not think about it, we know) how to change gear correctly and in the direction for which we are aiming. We know that a certain set of manipulations will lead the engine to cease labouring and give the vehicle a new surge of power. We know that the truck that is approaching us will in fact pass us on the other side of the road. We have learned, by association and inference, that these are the typical links between classes (or, if you prefer to think of it this way, the manner in which certain phenomena typically behave).

In addition, he discovers that they all breathe air, whereas coldblooded 'fish' breathe water. The attributes of the class of 'mammal' are therefore adjusted again, as are the species so classified. 8 Two-class solution to the anomalous whale problem (whale = 'mammal') reigns once more. This is an anomalous creature, cold-blooded, water-breathing and able to breathe in air. The same problems of adjustment confront Xaanthi now as they did before in the case of the whale. Is the 'lungfish' a genus all by itself?

The form taken by this tendency to Links Between Classes: Economy and Coherence 49 cognitive laziness is highly variable. An association can vanish, as it were, into the tacit and perceptual (remember the problems of driving a motor car and making sense of the movement of other vehicles). It can take the form of general predictions or laws, or it can take the form of definitions. In addition, it would be wrong to suppose that all empirical associations are assimilable as further instances of already existing patterns of general association.

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