By Andrew Pickering
Andrew Pickering has invited major historians, philosophers, sociologists, and anthropologists of technological know-how to organize unique essays for this quantity. The essays variety over the actual and organic sciences and arithmetic, and are divided into components. partly I, the individuals map out a coherent set of views on clinical perform and tradition, and relate their analyses to critical issues within the philosophy of technological know-how similar to realism, relativism, and incommensurability. The essays partly II search to delineate the research of technology as perform in arguments throughout its borders with the sociology of medical wisdom, social epistemology, and reflexive ethnography.
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Sample text
There are perennial debates on American college campuses: should every student have some acquaintance with the great books of the West? The issues are ideological and hinge on a conception of the nature of culture and civilization. There is nothing comparably ideological about learning how to use Planck's constant or the mechanical equivalent of heat. No physicist would dream of compelling students to read Planck or Dirac, let alone Boltzmann or Joule. But the students have to master the dead and digested science associated with those names, not because of their cultural or even pedagogical value, but because that is part of the stable knowledge with 39 POSITIONS which many of the students will change bits of the world, and on which a few of the research oriented among them will build new knowledge.
The material substance that we investigate or with which we investigate is not always best called a "thing"; instruments are things; are Norway rats or polarized electrons or bacteriophages things? " I speak of the outcomes of an experiment as marks, and subsequent manipulation of marks to produce more marks. This is reminiscent of Latour's insistence that a laboratory instrument is simply an "inscription-device" and that the immediate product of a laboratory is an inscription (1987, 681. For me, "mark" is not only the shorter word; but also more suitably ambiguous, allowing it to cover a number of my items.
On the Margins of Science: The Social Construction of Rejected Knowledge. Sociological Review Monograph 27 (University of Keele). Wittgenstein, L. 1953. Philosophical Investigations. New York: Macmillan. , ed. 1988. Knowledge and Reflexivity: New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge. Beverly Hills: Sage. 26 PAR T 1 POSITIONS 2 The Self-Vindication of the Laboratory Sciences Ian Hacking 1 Theses The unity of science was once a battle cry, but today it is the fashion to emphasize the disunities among the sciences.