By Lev S. Vygotsky
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Additional resources for Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes
Example text
The system of signs restructures the whole psychological process and enables the child to master her movement. It reconstructs the choice process on a totally new basis. Movement detaches itself from direct perception and comes under the control of sign functions included in the choice response. This development represents a fundamental break with the natural history of behavior and initiates the transition from the primitive behavior of animals to the higher intellectual activities of humans. Attention should be given first place among the major functions in the psychological structure underlying the use of tools.
Also sought to establish similarities between child and ape. 21 jects, their ability to make detours while pursuing a goal, and the manner in which they use priliiitive tools: These observations, as well as his experiment in which a y;-ung'child i; ;ked to remove a ring from a stick, illustrate an approach akin to Kohler's. Buhler interpreted the manifestations of practical intelligence in children as being of exactly the same type as those we are familiar with in chimpanzees. Indeed, · there is a phase in the life of the child that Buhler designated the "chimpanzee age" (p.
Before and after each task we asked the child questions . to determine if she remembered and understood the instructions. A set of questions for a typical task is the following (in this case green and yellow are the forbidden colors): (1) Have you a playmate? (2) What color is your shirt? (3) Did you ever go in a train? (4) What color are the railway-carriages? (5) Do you want to be big? (6) Were you ever at the theater? (7) Do you like to play in the room? (8) What color is the floor? (9) And the walls?