By Anthony R. Mawson
How do people behave while less than danger of assault or catastrophe? How does the social context have an effect on person behaviour? Anthony Mawson offers an illuminating exam of person and collective behaviour less than stipulations of rigidity and risk, according to either usual and artifical threats and mess ups. commencing with a question in regards to the interpretation of "mass panic" in strive against, the booklet progressively unfolds right into a multidisciplinary research of the psychobiological foundation of social relationships and the neural association of motivation and emotion. Mawson offers a finished assessment and synthesis of the mass panic and catastrophe literature and gives a social attachment version, that acknowledges the essentially gregarious nature of humans and the primacy of attachments. He argues that the common reaction to possibility and risk is neither struggle nor flight, nor social breakdown, yet elevated association and camaraderie. This booklet is exclusive in addressing the behavioral and social elements of chance and catastrophe. it's going to attract social scientists throughout various disciplines, to public directors, and to catastrophe and public wellbeing and fitness execs.
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Extra info for Mass Panic and Social Attachment
Example text
There is, first of all, the seminal work of Stanley Schachter (1959), which has generated numerous investigations, many using psychophysiological data (for example, Schachter and Singer, 1962; Gerard and Rabbie, 1961; Robertson and Dotson, 1969). Second, there is a body of research associated with the dynamics of “small groups” (for example, Cartwright and Zander, 1960; Lanzetta, 1955), dealing with such phenomena as the relation between threat and group cohesion. Third, a research program has evolved on the concept of “dependency”, based on a social-learning approach (for example, Gewirtz and Baer, 1958a,b; Gewirtz and Stingle, 1968).
When I began my studies on panic, this conception of panic in theaters and other confined spaces was widely held and did not seem entirely unreasonable. However, on the basis of introspection and empathy alone, it occurred to me that there might well be cases of panic “flight” where individuals were just as much trying to stay close to other individuals as attempting to escape from a supposed danger. To take an entirely hypothetical situation, imagine that two young brothers are walking together through a graveyard one night.
But if the exits are blocked the situation is immediately defined as a competitive one, and this results in non-adaptive group behavior such as occurs in panic. Mintz contends that in the competitive behavior that occurs in panic, cohesion disappears and people act purely as individuals in accordance with their own needs. Mintz proceeded to test his theory that non-adaptive group behavior (that is, blocking of exits) is due to the unstable reward structure of the situation (that is, the perception that people must compete to escape) rather than to increased emotional excitement.