By Paul Chance
Studying and behaviour: energetic studying variation, 6th variation, is stimulating, interactive, and full of high-interest queries and examples that can assist you reach your path. in response to the subject that studying is a organic mechanism that aids survival, this publication embraces a systematic method of habit yet is written in a lucid, transparent language that you'll locate attractive and simple to appreciate. The workbook, that is incorporated in the back of each textual content, is like having a integrated examine better half! The workbook makes a speciality of the center strategies and vocabulary offered within the textual content, providing you with a chance to grasp the content material earlier than your subsequent examination
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Extra resources for Learning and Behavior: Active Learning Edition
Sample text
It is possible that the two groups will become two distinct species, without mutations. Variations in behavior and the process of natural selection produce a repertoire of partly innate, adaptive behaviors that include reflexes, modal action patterns, and general behavior traits. Reflexes A reflex is a relationship between a specific event and a simple response to that event. A reflex is not, as is so often thought, a particular kind of behavior, such as an eye blink. A reflex is a relationship between certain kinds of events, usually events in the immediate surroundings, and certain kinds of behavior.
The role of genetics in complex behavior is, however, seen in humans in the form of general behavior traits. 10 These include activity level, aggression, introversion, anxiety, hoarding (of food, for example), and sexual practices, among others. Some behavior traits are strongly influenced by genes. Some behavior traits were once classified as instincts, but they differ from modal action patterns in important ways. As noted previously, modal action patterns are elicited by fairly specific kinds of environmental events, called releasers.
This practice is still helpful in eluding these predators, but it is less effective when the rabbit finds itself on a highway “pursued” by a truck. Similarly, Cronk notes, armadillos befuddled approaching predators for thousands of years by springing into the air. Once again, however, this behavior is not adaptive on modern highways. As Cronk puts it, “Leap two feet high in front of a Buick, and you’re buzzard bait” (p. 13). B. F. Skinner (1983b) has pointed out that human beings also can become hostages to their genetic history.