By Anastasio, Thomas J.
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Extra resources for Individual and collective memory consolidation : analogous processes on different levels
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4), and damage to any of them can result in amnesia and deficits in memory consolidation (Markowitsch & Pritzel, 1985). The most obvious and consistent symptom of MTL injuries is what is known as anterograde amnesia, an inability to make new memories. This condition prevents patients from consolidating or recalling any new experiences after the time of their injury. Most of these patients, however, also lose some past memories: they have some degree of retrograde amnesia. The memory impairment due to retrograde amnesia is most dense for the period immediately before the injury and becomes less dense as time recedes backward.
Seven centuries later, Roman orators such as Cicero domesticated the Greek poet’s rich but dangerous space of the cave, transforming it into the neat storeroom of knowledge a citizen needed to be successful in the disordered public sphere. Memory Defining Collective Memory 43 was once “like” a communal storage cave or treasure house. In more recent times many people have come to think of memory as being “stored” in a filing cabinet—or even more currently, on a flash-drive. So whereas facets of memory have been expressed using a number of different metaphors, these are not metaphors drawn solely from individual memory.
Clearly, the multilayer perceptron trained with backpropagation cannot stand alone as a model of learning and memory formation. ” In this scenario, input– output patterns from the old training set are alternated (“interleaved”) with those of the new training set. In interleaved learning, the network is continually trained on a superset of all the paired associates it is required to learn, new and old. This remedy requires a memory buffer that can store the new patterns as well as the old, and one that can re-present them to the multilayer perceptron over many repeated iterations so the perceptron can generalize over them.