By Victoria M. Siu
The backyard of excellent Brightness (Yuanming Yuan) within the western suburbs of the Qing capital, Beijing, used to be started via the nice Kangxi (r. 1661–1722) and improved via his son, Yongzheng (r. 1722–1735) and taken to its maximum glory through his grandson, Qianlong (r. 1736–1796). A lover of literature and artwork, Qinglong sought a secular mirrored image of his greatness in his Yuanming Yuan. for a few years he designed and directed an complex software of backyard preparations. Representing generations of painstaking study, this booklet follows the emperor as he governed his empire from inside of his backyard. In a panorama of lush crops, synthetic mountains and lakes, and colourful constructions, he sought to symbolize his wealth and tool to his diversified topics and to the realm at huge. Having been looted and burned within the mid-nineteenth century via western forces, it now lies commonly in ruins, however it was once the world’s so much intricate backyard within the eighteenth century. The backyard recommended a complete set of concepts—religious, philosophical, political, creative, and popular—represented in panorama and structure. simply as bonsai portrays a backyard in miniature, the imperial Yuanming Yuan on the top of its attractiveness represented the Qing Empire in microcosm.
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Additional info for Gardens of a Chinese Emperor Imperial Creations of the Qianlong Era, 1736-1796
Example text
The 1756 Clothing Records reveal the water and land route used by the Qianlong emperor and his entourage on the strenuous sixteenth day of the tenth Chinese month. It is the only day that he graced with his presence all five gardens of the Garden of Perfect Brightness, a mammoth task undertaken just after the autumn chill had returned to such a degree that the emperor rode in a sleigh for part of the journey. Significantly, the entry for the next day reveals a limited schedule within the Garden of Perfect Brightness, with only a restful visit to the eastern Garden of Everlasting Spring (Changchun Yuan) annex he had built.
54 The Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong emperors, like Chinese scholars in every generation, strove to embody and nurture the Daoist values of this ideal Peach Blossom Spring society in the Garden of Perfect Brightness. Yongzheng considered them important enough to order the imperial venue in question erected around 1725 (third year of the Yongzheng reign). 55 Two laconic entries in the Clothing Records contain a wealth of Daoist concepts: Twenty-ninth day of the fourth Chinese month. By four-man, illuminated palanquin to Embrace the Pure Fragrance of Flowers to breakfast, administer affairs.
On the twenty-sixth, even before administering affairs, the Qianlong emperor went to the audience hall, Diligence in State Affairs Hall, to view the Pinched (or Twisted) Sea Turtle Mountain (Ning’ao Shan). Then he boarded a sleigh to the Garden of Shared Joy to breakfast with his mother. He next departed by sleigh to the Ten Thousand Directions Peace dock, where a palanquin took him to the Garden of Elegance (Zao Yuan) to rest awhile. Then he rode horseback to the Garden of Tranquil Luminescence (Jingming Yuan), where he conducted in-motion viewing from a four-man, illuminated palanquin.