By P.J. Littlefair
Accomplished layout information on city structure to make sure solid entry to sunlight achieve, daylighting and passive cooling. It permits designers to provide cozy, energy-efficient structures surrounded by way of friendly outdoors areas in an city context.
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Extra resources for Environmental Site Layout Planning: Solar Access, Microclimate and Passive Cooling in Urban Areas
Sample text
Natural ventilation processes are caused by naturally produced pressure differences across openings due to the wind or temperature differences. The flow of air through large openings such as windows and doors in naturally ventilated buildings is mainly due to the effect of the wind. Thermal forces attributed to temperature differences also play a significant role, especially when ambient wind speeds are low. Various methods, both simplified and detailed, have been proposed to calculate the effects of the building location on the effectiveness of natural ventilation.
4]. By day, there is a temperature maximum at the top of the leaf canopy with heavier cool air forming a stable layer beneath. 4] indicate that inside the canopy and downwind, the daytime drop in temperature can reach 6 °C, especially in clear weather. 7 m/s during cyclonic weather when open-field wind speed was in the region of 8 m/s. There is poor agreement on the effect of the green area on its built surroundings. 5] state that the effect of urban parks extends only a short distance into the surrounding urban area.
Accidental and ventilation exhaust discharges are at heights and positions that are largely arbitrary. Subdividing pollution sources by types of pollutant is more complex as an enormous range of pollutants are discharged to the atmosphere. The most important are usually the subject of monitoring and their emissions are often controlled. 3]. Pollutants discharged into the air are carried away as a slender plume by whatever wind may be blowing. The plume spreads and dilutes with increasing distance.