By Peter Earle
This can be the 1st significant examine of a missed but super major topic: the London center periods within the interval among 1660 and 1730, a interval within which they created a society and economic climate that may be visible with hindsight to have ushered within the sleek international. utilizing a wealth of fabric from modern sourcesincluding wills, enterprise papers, inventories, marriage contracts, divorce hearings, and the writings of Daniel Defoe and Samuel PepysPeter Earle offers a completely rounded photograph of the "middling variety of people," attending to the hearts in their lives as women and men suffering for good fortune within the greatest, richest, and such a lot middle-class urban in modern Europe. He examines in attention-grabbing and convincing element the company lifetime of Londoners, from apprenticeship throughout the difficulties and capability rewards of various occupational teams, happening to examine middle-class kinfolk, social, political and fabric lifefrom relationships with spouses, little ones, servants, and associates, to nutrition and garments and furnishings, to disease, dying, and burial. Stimulating, scholarly, and regularly illuminating, this e-book is an very important and bold contribution to English social background.
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Extra info for The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730
Example text
86 Many groups competed for the profits to be made out of London's huge imports of grain, flour and maltcornfactors, who bought as described above or sold on commission for farmers and country wholesalers; jobbers, who were speculators pure and simple; mealmen and rich bakers, who competed for the flour market; and millers and maltsters, who bought and sold grain as well as processing it. '87 Londoners did not live on bread alone; indeed, according to John Houghton, they were consuming 88,400 beeves and 600,000 sheep a year in the 1690s, or about one beef animal for every family and just over a sheep a head.
However, this manufacturing side of his business had probably produced only a comparatively small part of his fortune and Andrews' main activities were as a middleman in the cloth trade, buying from the country clothiers, selling to the exporting merchants and sometimes exporting himself, what contemporaries normally called a Blackwell Hall Factor after the market where woollen cloth was supposed to be bought and sold in London. 54 Robert Maddox, who also died in the 1690s, was a big malt distiller, producer of the raw spirits which fuelled the early years of the Gin Age.
Such a concentration of people, economic functions and wealth in one city was unique in Europe and was seen as a major factor in explaining England's precocious development. 3 What was the function of London in the national economy? 4 This heart drew in foodstuffs, raw materials and manufactured goods from provincial England and the wider world, which were then either distributed and consumed within London itself or pumped out again. Some goods were consumed in London or redistributed with little or no change, some were subject to embellishment and some were totally transformed by manufacture in the metropolis.