By Samuel P. Huntington
This pioneering quantity, analyzing because it does the relation among improvement and balance, is a fascinating and interesting addition to the literature.”American Political technological know-how Review
’Must’ examining for all these attracted to comparative politics or within the learn of development.”Dankwart A. Rustow, Journal of foreign Affairs
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Starbuck, "Organizational Growth and Development," in James G. , Handbook of Organizations (Chicago, Rand McNally, 1965), p. " 14 POLITICAL ORDER IN CHANGING SOCIETIES one hundred times greater than the probability that an organization one year old will survive one additional year. Political institutions are thus not created overnight. Political development, in this sense, is slow, particularly when compared to the seemingly much more rapid pace of economic development. In some instances particular types of experience may substitute for time: fierce conflict or other serious challenges may transform organizations into institutions much more rapidly than normal circumstances.
Demographically, modernization means changes in the patterns of life, a marked increase in health and life expectancy, increased occupational, vertical, and geographical mobility, and, in particular, the rapid growth of urban population as contrasted with rural. Socially, modernization tends to supplement the family and other primary groups having diffuse roles with consciously organized secondary associations having much more specific functions. The traditional distribution of status along a single bifurcated structure characterized by "cumulative inequalities" gives way to pluralistic status structures characterized by "dispersed inequalities/' 41 Economically, there is a diversification of activity as a few simple occupations give way to many complex ones; the level of occupational skill rises significantly; the ratio of capital to labor increases; subsistence agriculture gives way to market agriculture; and agriculture itself declines in significance compared to commercial, industrial, and other nonagricultural activities.
University of South Carolina Press, 1949), pp. 235-36. 24 POLITICAL ORDER IN CHANGING SOCIETIES discipline of their armies. Discipline and development go hand in hand. Political Institutions and Public Interests Political institutions have moral as "well as structural dimensions. A society with weak political institutions lacks the ability to curb the excesses of personal and parochial desires. Politics is a Hobbesian world of unrelenting competition among social forces —between man and man, family and family, clan and clan, region and region, class and class—a competition unmediated by more comprehensive political organizations.