Download Mere Thermodynamics by Don S. Lemons PDF

By Don S. Lemons

Presenting classical thermodynamics as a concise and discrete entire, Mere Thermodynamics is an ideal software for educating a notoriously tough subject.

Accomplished instructor Don S. Lemons introduces the actual theory's innovations and techniques and makes use of them to resolve difficulties from a wide variety of physics. He illustrates, at a gradual speed, not just the basics of the topic but additionally complicated subject matters reminiscent of the connection among the second one legislations of thermodynamics and entropy. He highlights the highbrow constitution and historical past of the self-discipline and explores the logical results of every of the well-known 3 legislation. Lemons explains and develops the 1st legislation and their corollaries, the equipment and purposes of thermodynamics, and the 3rd legislations, in addition to non-fluid variables, equilibrium and balance, and two-phase systems.

The publication gains end-of-chapter perform difficulties, an appendix of labored difficulties, a word list of phrases, and an annotated bibliography.

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Example text

Let’s consider a refrigerator operating between two reservoirs at temperatures TH and TC < TH . The best refrigerator will extract the most heat QC from the colder reservoir for a given cost, that is, for a given work, W, necessary to run the refrigerator. For this reason engineers have invented a refrigerator coefficient of performance, QC / W, that quantifies refrigerator operation; the better the refrigerator performs the higher QC / W. Interestingly, no refrigerator operating between two heat reservoirs can have a higher coef- 42 M E R E T H E R M O DY N A M I C S ficient of performance than one run by a reversible engine, that is, a reversed Carnot engine.

This efficiency is the ratio of the work the engine produces, W, to the heat it absorbs from the hotter of its two reservoirs, QH , that is W / QH . Recall that, apart from the first law, which Carnot did not accept, this efficiency has irreducible units of calories / joule. Carnot asked, What is the greatest efficiency of such a reversible heat engine and on what does this efficiency depend or not depend? Proposition I (Carnot’s theorem): No heat engine operating between two heat reservoirs can be more efficient than a reversible heat engine.

If we can establish both Claim 1 and Claim 2, we establish the logical equivalence of the Carnot and Clausius versions of the second law. Claim 1 is that Clausius’s second law implies Carnot’s second law. We prove Claim 1 by proving its contrapositive, namely, that to deny Carnot’s second law leads to a denial of Clausius’s second law. Each of the three different ways of violating Carnot’s second law leads to a violation of Clausius’s second law. 5a, cyclic heat engine 1 that produces work W without exchanging heat with its environment.

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