By wolfgang Münchau
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Extra resources for Makro Strategien
Example text
The number of transactions could have been cut in half and profits could have been larger by totally ignoring the short side. But, that is precisely the kind of hindsight over-fitting we should avoid. Unbiased objectivity requires both buying long and selling short. That is why all of our tests of the Evolving Exponential Moving Average Crossover Strategy assumed unbiased long buying and short selling: either we were 100% invested on the long side in the DJIA, or we were 100% short. Take care that bias does not creep into your research when you are not thinking.
Add. We add back all simulated data to our previously optimized, seen database. 5. Optimize. We load all seen data from January 1, 1900, through December 31, 1992, for our routine brute-force optimization. All that data already has been seen either in our initial optimization or in one of our walk-forward simulations at the end of each year. Our new optimization on all 93 years of seen data provides us with our first change of period length in 55 years: the best reward/risk performance would have been produced by using a 40-week exponential moving average crossover rule.
Determine the model to be used and the values of the parameters of the process. 4. Determine which alternative optimizes the criterion established in Step 1. Critical variables are combined in a logical manner to form a model of the actual problem. A model is a simplified representation of an empirical situation. Ideally, it strips a natural phenomenon of its bewildering complexity and duplicates the essential behavior of the natural phenomenon with a few variables, simply related. The simpler the model, the better it is, as long as the model serves as a reasonably reliable counterpart of the empirical problem.