By Margaret Bonney
Town of Durham, even though geographically a ways faraway from the centre of political strength in England within the later medieval interval, used to be of serious strategic and ecclesiastical significance in the course of its early background. It was once the seat of the prince bishops, an army headquarters for the defence of the northern borders of britain, a centre for pilgrimages to the shrine of St Cuthbert and the important marketplace city for the area. After tracing Durham's past due tenth-century origins, the booklet examines the following advancements in non secular and armed forces construction paintings at the peninsula which followed the expansion of a winning city group within the 11th and 12th centuries. This part of the e-book is complemented via the replica of the entire extant medieval plans for Durham in an appendix, which additionally comprises later maps of town and several other illustrations which aid to provide an explanation for the advanced topography. in addition, even if at the beginning sight Durham's overlords might sound oppressive, there's little proof of the townsmen's dissatisfaction with their rule, and none of city rebellion in past due medieval Durham.
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Additional info for Lordship and the Urban Community: Durham and its Overlords, 1250-1540
Example text
However, the growth of any town should not be measured merely in terms of its buildings, but also in the diversification of its trade, in its 25 See appendix 1, map 3. 17 Urban origins wealth and its status in relation to other medieval towns. These features are more difficult to quantify for Durham in the early medieval period, but an attempt will be made here to evaluate the available evidence for urban growth before 1250 and to analyse the reasons for Durham's success as a new town in a northern England which was, as yet, barely urbanised.
Fraser and K. Emsley, Tyneside ( N e w t o n A b b o t , 1973), PP- 1 8 - 2 1 . 35 Urban origins wealthy monastery. This essential difference, which is one of status as much as anything else, is expressed in the late-twelfthcentury survey called Boldon Buke. Durham is distinguished from other local communities of the bishopric by being called civitas*9 It never became a royal or episcopal headquarters of the size of Canterbury, Winchester or York, but it had no rivals north of York; the repeated attempts by the Scottish king to annex Durham and its lands to his kingdom in the twelfth century show a recognition of the importance and prestige of the town in northern politics.
Perhaps it was no coincidence that one of the major ecclesiastical events of the century, the translation of St Cuthbert's body to its new position behind the high altar of the church, occurred during Flambard's episcopacy. 86 One theme which has recurred, somewhat plaintively, throughout this chapter is the lack of evidence, documentary or otherwise, for charting the growth of Durham accurately before the middle of the thirteenth century. It is only after about 1250 that records such as property deeds and rentals, for example, begin to survive in any quantity and make it possible to recreate, more completely and reliably, the growth of the town.