By Carsten Daugbjerg, Gert Tinggaard Svendsen
Environmental economists pay very little cognizance to the political context during which eco-friendly taxation will be brought. with a purpose to comprehend the real-life politics of eco-friendly taxation, Carsten Daugbjerg and Gert Tinggaard Svendsen establish 3 major political constraints: the micro-level method of lease looking; the macro-level process of get together politics; and the meso-level technique of coverage networks. in line with those findings the authors enhance coverage techniques in regards to the destiny layout of eco-friendly taxation and foreign let buying and selling.
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Extra resources for Green Taxation in Question: Politics and Economic Efficiency in Environmental Regulation
Example text
1: Individual incentive to rent-seek against green taxation Number (identical agents) Individual CO2 tax payment Total tax payments Total rent-seeking costs Individual net gain Source: the authors. Consumers Producers 100 million 2 200 million 1 million 2±1 million 100 2 million 200 million 1 million 2 million±1 million 20 Green Taxation in Question Although the consumer group as a whole would get benefits worth euro 200 million (200 times the euro 1 million invested in rentseeking), the net benefit to any individual member who chooses to oppose green taxation on his or her own is clearly negative.
Reform In 1995, another commission was appointed by government. The task of the `Green Tax Commission' was to consider the role of tax policies in shaping better employment and the environmental prospects in the long run and to settle future CO2 policies (Farsund 1996, 78±9; NOU 1996). The Green Tax Commission delivered its report in June 1996. It was less friendly towards industry than the MU Commission report had been. It stated that exempted industries should also be taxed, although at the lower level of NKR 50/ton CO2 with existing tax levels for other sectors to remain unchanged.
The CDI repeated the argument that the CO2 taxation proposal would increase total job losses and that none of the refund systems were attractive because they would lead to a devastating redistribution of the manufacturing sector (Finansministeriet 1994b). In general, organizations representing energy-intensive firms were most active and strongly opposed the new CO2 tax proposal whereas the labour-intensive organizations were somewhat reluctant to respond. This is logical because the energy-intensive sectors with the highest CO2 emission levels face the highest CO2 taxation payments and therefore have the most to lose when CO2 taxation is introduced.