By Anna Idström, Elisabeth Piirainen, Tiber F.M. Falzett
Whilst the final speaker of a language dies, s/he takes to oblivion the thoughts, institutions and the wealthy imagery this language neighborhood has as soon as lived by way of. The cultural historical past encoded in traditional linguistic metaphors, passed down via generations, may be misplaced perpetually. This quantity comprises fifteen articles approximately metaphors in endangered languages, from Peru to Alaska, from India to Ghana.
The empirical facts exhibit that the assumptions of latest cognitive linguistic conception approximately “universal” metaphors and the underlying cognitive strategies are nonetheless faraway from believable, because tradition performs an immense function within the formation of metaphors. additionally, that thought has been in keeping with wisdom of metaphors in a few normal languages. Indigenous and different minority languages, in particular regularly orally used ones, were ignored completely.
Besides researchers and scholars in linguistics, specially in metaphor and figurative language idea, this compilation presents foodstuff for suggestion for students in huge fields of cultural reports, starting from anthropology and ethnology to folkloristics and philosophy.
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Additional info for Endangered Metaphors
Sample text
The one who sounds human’ fig. ‘Dene person (the one that speaks like a human being)’ This etymological hypothesis is intriguing as it both makes morphological sense and conforms to what I have found to be a quite common set of metonymies across the many Dene languages that I have examined: specific for generic or generic for specific metonymies. These tropes are especially common in ethnonymic naming. In the examples below, I gloss the Dene Sųłiné exponents dene and -t’iné as ‘person’ or just list the group modifier.
B. c. d. delez chą delez del delez helez ‘it is dripping’ ‘it’s dripping rain’ ‘blood is dripping’ ‘3sg is urinating’ ‘it’s raining hard’ ‘s/he’s bleeding’ A variety of other effluvium terms either have a figurative origin or they give rise to other figurative expressions. The term for ‘breast milk’, shown in (35), is simply the independent form of ‘breast’ (for inalienably possessed items like body parts, the independent form features no -é suffix). The examples in (36) and (37) present some other body-based effluvium extensions.
Expressions of position, transfer, ideation, emotion). Most of these are metaphorical as well as metonymic. Because they are so numerous and diverse, I offer no further analysis beyond their strategic listing and glossing. (29) a. b. c. d. e. f. g. -la denelachédh denelatthałé sįla sela tłolá yohtthílá ‘hand’ ‘person’s hand-duck’ ‘person’s hand-awl’ ‘my hand’ ‘my job/work/partner’ ‘grass-end’ ‘house-head-end’ ‘work’, ‘end/extremity’ ‘thumb’ ‘finger’ (30) a. b. c. d. e. -ké dene kéłts’élé dene ké ké sųłiné kéchogh ‘foot’, ‘paw’ ‘person’s foot-dim’ ‘person’s foot’ ‘genuine/real shoe’ ‘shoe-aug’ ‘shoe’, ‘track’ ‘person’s toe’ ‘person’s shoe’ ‘moccasin’ ‘boot’ ‘grain, wheat’ ‘roof (peaked)’ Sally Rice f.