By Joseph P. Byrne Ph.D.
Encyclopedia of the Black Death is the 1st A-Z encyclopedia to hide the second one plague pandemic, balancing scientific heritage and technical concerns with historic, cultural, social, and political components and results in Europe and the Islamic international from 1347-1770. It additionally bookends the interval with entries on Biblical plagues and the Plague of Justinian, in addition to modern-era fabric relating to comparable themes, resembling the paintings of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur, the 3rd Plague Pandemic of the mid-1800s, and plague within the United States.
Unlike past encyclopedic works approximately this topic that deal largely with infectious illness and its social or ancient contexts, together with the author's personal, this interdisciplinary paintings synthesizes a lot of the examine at the plague and similar clinical background released within the final decade in available, compellingly written entries. arguable topic parts corresponding to no matter if "plague" used to be bubonic plague and the geographic resource of plague are handled in a balanced and impartial manner.
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Bulletin of the History of Medicine 67 (1993): 227–247. Bu¨hler, C. F. ” Speculum 39 (1964): 270–278. Pingree, David. “The Diffusion of Arabic Magical Texts in Western Europe,” in La diffusione delle scienze islamiche nel Medio Evo europeo (Rome: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 1987), 57–102. Pormann, Peter E. and Emilie Savage-Smith. Medieval Islamic Medicine. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2007. Skemer, Don C. Binding Words: Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006.
See also: Arabic-Persian Medicine and Practitioners; Articella; Chauliac, Guy de (Guido de Cauliaco); Corpses; Galen and Galenism; Islam and Medicine; Medical Education (1300–1500, Medieval Europe); Medical Education (1500– 1700, Early Modern Europe); Prisoners; Surgeons/Barbers; Vesalius, Andreas. desert gerbils, and wild guinea pigs. Domesticated cats and dogs have also been infected, but they tend to survive. The commensal black rat rattus rattus is generally considered to be responsible for historical outbreaks, and the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis is best adapted to transmit the disease.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977. Armies War brought more people together faster, from farther away, keeping them together and moving them around the countryside longer than any other human activity. Those who gathered and maneuvered premodern armies had little regard for disease. Camp life tended to be harsh and dirty, and rats, fleas, and illness were constant companions. 21 22 Arrows Though soldiers on campaign knew—or quickly learned—to avoid plague, hunger, fatigue, and callousness could drive them to ignore its signs as they fearlessly rummaged about for food, clothing, or sex across a devastated countryside.