By Ngaio Richards
Content material:
Chapter 1 an summary of the Chemistry, Manufacture, Environmental destiny and Detection of Carbofuran (pages 1–18): Stephen Donovan, Mark Taggart and Ngaio Richards
Chapter 2 Carbofuran: Toxicity, Diagnosing Poisoning and Rehabilitation of Poisoned Birds (pages 19–38): Pierre Mineau, Stuart Porter and Carol Uphoff Meteyer
Chapter three A Chronicling of Long?Standing Carbofuran Use and its risk to flora and fauna in Kenya (pages 39–98): Joseph O. Lalah, Peter O. Otieno, Ngaio Richards, Martin Odino, Laurence Frank, Alayne Cotterill, Stephanie Dolrenry, Leela Hazzah, Darcy Ogada, Munir Z. Virani and Dino J. Martins
Chapter four Mitigating Human?Wildlife clash and Retaliatory Poisonings in India to maintain Biodiversity and hold Sustainable Livelihoods (pages 99–131): Venkataramanan Ragothaman and Sreekumar Chirukandoth
Chapter five legislation of Carbofuran and its Use to Poison natural world within the eu Union and the remainder of Europe (pages 132–170): Lukas Polednik, Katerrina Polednikova, Jitka Vetrovcova, Vaclav Hlavac, Hugh Jansman, Peter van Tulden, Christian Pichler, Hermann Ammer, Inigo Fajardo, Antonio Ruiz, Irene Zorrilla, Antonio Valero, Isabel Fernandez, Ernesto Saez, F. M. Molino, Jesus Olivares, Peter Bedo and Gordana Pavokovic
Chapter 6 views on flora and fauna Poisoning by means of Carbofuran within the uk and Republic of eire – With a selected specialise in Scotland (pages 171–188): Ruth E. Tingay, Douglas McAdam and Michael J. Taylor
Chapter 7 A Latin American point of view: The Environmental effect of Farming Wheat and Rice taken care of with Carbofuran and Rhodamine B on Brazilian Wild Birds (pages 189–207): Alexandre de Almeida and Alvaro Fernando de Almeida
Chapter eight affects of Carbofuran on Birds in Canada and the USA (pages 208–250): Pierre Mineau, Linda Lyon and Stella McMillin
Chapter nine Conclusions, suggestions and how ahead (pages 251–261): Ngaio Richards
Read or Download Carbofuran and Wildlife Poisoning: Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches PDF
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Extra info for Carbofuran and Wildlife Poisoning: Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches
Sample text
Also, carbofuran granules can adhere to earthworms. /ha in-furrow application to corn; Balcomb, Bowen, Wright et al. 1984b). 7 ppm. 5 mg/kg bw for an average-sized American robin (Turdus migratorius: 77 g; Dunning 1993). 50 mg/kg bw. Given that this value is higher than most LD50 values reported for songbirds, we can conclude that a worm with an average body burden is likely to be lethal to an adult robin. The risk would obviously be greater if granules physically adhered to the worm. The risk to nestlings would also be higher because of their small body size and high food consumption rate relative to their size.
5% individuals of this species had ingested more than five granules. From a diagnostic point of view, it is interesting that no granules were found in almost one quarter of all the casualties. A study by the Bayer Corporation (Fischer and Best 1995) investigated the ingestion of blank (pesticide free) silica granules in birds. These authors found no relationship between the number of granules on the soil surface and the mean gizzard count in a group of blackbird species. Such a relationship did, however, exist for a group of sparrow species.
Sample analyte and a specially synthesised analyte-enzyme conjugate (the so-called ‘label’) are added which then compete for the limited antibody on the coated surface. In the indirect competitive format, instead of the antibody, a coating antigen is immobilised consisting of an analyte-protein conjugate. Depending on the assay format, either analyte-enzyme conjugate (direct format) or antibody (indirect format) binding to the surface-immobilised reagent occurs in inverse proportion to the amount of free analyte present in the sample.