By G.M. Crean,M. Locatelli,J. McGilp
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2(b)). The contributions of lower frequencies propagate faster than those of higher frequencies (ref. 10, p. 32) and arrive first, as can be seen qualitatively from the slow first rise of the signal and the later arrival of those signals having a shorter rise time. The Fourier amplitude spec trum of the two pulses is shown in Fig. 3. As only the central part of the PVDF foil transducer touches the curved cylinder surface, its band width for SAWs is increased to about 10 MHz. g 50 10 Frequency (MHz) Fig.
2 JUS after the direct SAW arrival and corresponded to the reflection of the SAW from a rounded edge at a distance of 2 mm from the transducer. The reflected pulse was of lower amplitude and considerably longer than the direct pulse, which indicates that low frequency components were reflected preferably from the edge. On a plane surface with small absorption and dispersion, these two pulse shapes were only slightly altered with increasing propagation distance. To investigate the influence of dispersion, experiments were performed on the convex sur face of an aluminium cylinder of 24 mm diameter with the SAW propagating perpendicular to the cylinder axis.
We also used SAM to make in situ observations of the stable crack growth. With the 3PB device, we generated stable crack growth in a sample and obtained corresponding SAM images of the crack path. After the crack had extended almost 2 mm across the sample (in small controlled steps of about 100 jum), the experiment was stopped to save the sample from breaking. Then, in the unloaded condition, we examined the whole crack path again starting from the notch. We compared these images with those obtained in the loaded state and evidence for interaction of crack surfaces was observed.