By D. Pearson
Why have settler societies, similar to Australia, Canada, and New Zealand moved to the leading edge of multi-cultural swap? this query is addressed during this comparative research. David Pearson explores the associated approaches of aboriginal dispossession, settler country formation and foreign migration, and argues those ancient foundations are nonetheless heavily regarding fresh tendencies in ethnic politics. His surveys comprise discussions of multiculturalism, nationwide identification, sovereignty, globalization, and citizenship.
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Extra resources for The Politics of Ethnicity in Settler Societies: States of Unease
Sample text
In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, some hapu were relatively wealthy. Particularly in more isolated areas, cultural heritages and local tribal organisation remained largely intact. There were still enough signs of a religious and political vigour to retain some autonomy in the face of increasing settler domination, but after the 1860s most Maori had a much firmer Hobson’s choice than at the time of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi with Captain William. Maori could seek to hold on to their land through the Land Court, and thus, inevitably, be drawn into the European notion of viewing land as a marketable commodity, or risk losing that land by other means.
Nevertheless, the measurement of ‘aboriginality’ by ‘blood quantum’, and the growing agitation among European Australians about the ‘half-castes’ problem’, were nationwide trends having all the hallmarks of coercive wardship in North America. The result was equally or more severe. Legislation, firmly in place across Australia by 1915, and strengthened in the 1930s, led to thousands of ‘mixed-blood’ children being forcibly removed from their parents and home territories by official will. Thus developed a familiar pattern of local contingencies within an overarching framework of persistent control.
The Colonial Office sought to control the violence and rampant land grabbing by seeking to introduce a system of pastoral leases that set aside reserves, and some minimal protection for aboriginal hunting areas. The system preserved some semblance of aboriginal title and occupation in more established areas, but ‘the frontier’ was out of reach of any, even mildly benevolent, restraining hand. The threshold of settlement was ‘shifting, contextual, negotiated, moved in and out of, enacted and suspended’ (Wolfe 1994: 95).