By Andrew G. Fiala
Explores the connection among philosophy and politics within the paintings of Kant, Fichte, Hegel, and Marx.
Read Online or Download The Philosopher's Voice: Philosophy, Politics, and Language in the Nineteenth Century (Suny Series in Philosophy) PDF
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Additional resources for The Philosopher's Voice: Philosophy, Politics, and Language in the Nineteenth Century (Suny Series in Philosophy)
Example text
CHAPTER 2 Voice in Machiavelli, Locke, and Rousseau The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living. —Marx, Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte1 Concern with the philosopher’s voice did not originate ex nihilo with the dawning of the nineteenth century. Rather, the issue of voice was already a pressing one for Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and others for whom the question of how to address political life was important. The German philosophers of the early nineteenth century were aware of these historical antecedents.
However, Fichte and Marx, and to a lesser extent Hegel, seem to have ignored Machiavelli’s advice about calmness and moderation in advice-giving. Indeed, in the German nineteenth century we see philosophy turn to political life in a manner modeled on Machiavelli’s Prince but without proper regard for Machiavelli’s call for moderation in the Discourses. 14 Nonetheless, the problem of the relation between philosophy and politics embodied in Machiavelli continued to be a problem in the nineteenth century, culminating in Marx’s deliberate rejection of those moral restraints on political action.
In other words, Machiavelli explicitly addressed a political agent, the prince, in order to help this political agent better understand himself and thus take up his historic task. Given the fact that Italian politics consisted of petty monarchs at war with one another, it is not surprising that Machiavelli addressed his hopes to a monarch who would free Italy from anarchy and dissolution. Machiavelli addresses the house of Medici directly: “it is no marvel that none of the before-mentioned Italians have done that which is to be hoped your illustrious house may do .