By Gordon J. Hamilton
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Extra info for The Origins of the West Semitic Alphabet in Egyptian Scripts
Example text
16 · Origins of the West Semitic Alphabet has provoked a wide variety of scholarly responses (even after the discovery of the difficult >Izbet S\art\ah Abecedary, which provides significant controls about the identities of the letters later in that millennium). 27 Typology as a vehicle for analysis runs poorly—if at all—in reverse. During the twentieth century, most scholars were forced into using that chronologically backwards approach primarily due to a paucity of early alphabetic inscriptional data.
By matching the Proto-Canaanite letter forms with their closest Egyptian prototypes, one can fix the starting points from which to trace all subsequent graphic developments. With these beginning points, other scholars, both Egyptologists and Semitists, can check, concur, critique, or revise those comparisons. B. Charting the Stances of Letters Continuity with or development of a Proto-Canaanite letter from its Egyptian prototypes can also be traced through its stances. Part of this analysis is to establish which stances (often horizontal mirror-images) were received from Egyptian antecedents and which postures represent innovations by West Semitic writers.
18 C. When Consonantal Alphabetic Writing Began Scholars have variously dated the origin of the West Semitic consonantal alphabet from ca. C. (Tropper 2003: 173); early in Egypt’s Middle Kingdom (inter alia, Eisler 1919; Ullman 1927: 325; Smith 2001: 194-95; Hamilton 2002: 40; Sanders 2004: 31; Darnell et al. C. C. (Lemaire 2000: 117); ca. C. (Demsky 1997: 362-65; Hallo 2004: 288-89); or its Second Intermediate Period (Sethe 1917; 1926: 137-38; Dever 1987: 169; Lemaire 1994: 6-7; Briquel-Chatonnet 1998: 59), preceding the latest possible date for 17 Hieratic can be subdivided into streams as well (see Parkinson [1999: 88-89] for examples of Formal and Administrative Hieratic, branching off by the mid-Middle Kingdom, and late New Kingdom Literary Hieratic; most recently, see Darnell [2002] for multiple examples of Lapidary Hieratic).