By Jacqueline de Romilly
The coming of the Sophists in Athens in the midst of the 5th century B.C. was once a tremendous highbrow occasion, for they introduced with them a brand new approach to instructing based on rhetoric and ambitious doctrines which broke clear of culture. during this ebook de Romilly investigates the explanations for the preliminary luck of the Sophists and the response opposed to them, within the context of the tradition and civilization of classical Athens.
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Additional resources for The Great Sophists in Periclean Athens
Example text
That is certainly a fact of capital importance. But from our own present point of view, the convergence of so many brilliant minds upon Athens produced other consequences too. Not only did foreigners flock to Athens, but they met one another there. In the imaginary scene in Plato's Protagoras, we find several of the greatest Sophists gathered in Callias' house: Protagoras, Hippias, and Prodicus. The contacts that they made in Athens must have stimulated all these thinkers, encouraging discussion, developing their ideas, or, alternatively, defining their limits and fostering an abiding, if latent, spirit of competition.
Curiously enough, though, neither Plato nor Aristotle nor Isocrates nor Xenophon ever attacks those major Sophists w h o m we have mentioned by name. But all do criticize the 'Sophists' in general or the 'Sophists of today'. This has already been demonstrated elsewhere in connection with Aristotle 6 and it is certainly also true of Plato. A curious text of Xenophon's (On Hunting, 13) makes the same point. It constitutes a (seemingly excessively) violent attack against the Sophists, containing passages such as the following: I a m s u r p r i s e d a t t h e s o p h i s t s , as t h e y a r e c a l l e d , b e c a u s e t h o u g h m o s t of t h e m p r o f e s s t o l e a d t h e y o u n g to v i r t u e , t h e y l e a d t h e m to t h e very o p p o s i t e .
In fact, the change was so fundamental that it has become customary to refer to all the philosophers before Socrates as a group, as the pre-Socratics—a term in which the Sophists tend to be included, even though Socrates was their contemporary. ) Yet they were moving in the same direction as he was and the parallelism between them testifies to a deep-seated tendency towards an increasingly h u m a n and rational philosophy. The fact that the movement affected a series of thinkers hailing from different cities explains how the burgeoning philosophy started to develop simultaneously in a number of locations quite distant from one another.