By John Hickman
From Russia’s annexation of Crimea to China’s ‘nine-dash line’ within the South China Sea, it really is transparent that territory is as vital in overseas politics now because it has ever been. but too few modern international coverage makers, reporters, and students may be able to converse coherently approximately territorial matters. area Is strength: The Seven principles of Territory demanding situations the highbrow conceits that human territoriality is in basic terms a social build, that territorial sovereignty is atavistic, that territorial annexation is often irrational, and that territorial disputes are provoked by way of international coverage makers who search to divert public awareness from extra very important matters. area Is strength argues that territoriality is simply too simple to human nature to be denied and territorial sovereignty is just too very important to the survival of the fashionable kingdom to be missed. The truths approximately territory are captured in seven ideas, a few of that are intuitive whereas others contradict traditional knowledge. instead of awaiting the transcendence of the territorial states, this booklet argues that the unmistakable path of overseas politics is towards encompassing ever extra actual area because the territory of states.
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Additional resources for Space Is Power: The Seven Rules of Territory
Sample text
35 Second, human territoriality is simultaneously an ontologically objective fact and an epistemologically subjective fact, in that it appears both as a function of our biological nature as a social species and is claimed by individuals acting collectively as members of the same society. Using the terminology of social theorist John R. Searle, physical space is a brute fact, territoriality is a social fact, and legal-political legitimation of ownership and sovereignty is an institutional fact. 36 That layered fusion of the biological, the social, and the institutional explains why humans may be territorial about places that they do not inhabit and may never visit.
As a result, the maps of Atlanta and St. Louis resemble China in the Warring States Period rather than the rational administrative organization of a large city. ” 28 Against a wealth of evidence that human territoriality is innate why do so many scholars in the humanities and social sciences insist otherwise? Much of the answer is that they have been trained in academic disciplines whose dominant paradigms make different assumptions. Constructivist international relations scholars have been instructed that international politics is the interaction between foreign policy makers who have been socialized to accept international norms, that territory is simply another international norm that has been learned, and might be unlearned.
Not coincidently, each of these leaders also sought to add sovereign territory to his own realm. Additional tax revenues paid for larger, more lethal, and more loyal armed forces. Military modernization meant regular pay and rations, promotion based on merit, training as weapons specialists, and patriotic indoctrination. Traditional armies too often resembled mobs of generalist military professionals and amateurs who might be inspired by religious hatred or the promise of loot. 19 Apathy, criminality, desertion, mutiny, and betrayal were constant problems.