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Additional resources for Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Organic Chemistry
Example text
Cf) H2C-CH2-D, a carbocation. 35 Classify the following reactions by type. + OH- (a) H2C-CH2-Br I - OH Cu,heat (b) (CH,),CHOH heat (c) H2C-CH2 CH2 + :H- H,C-CH2Br (e) H2C=CH2 + H2 cf) C6H6+I-INO, (g) HCOOH (h) CH,=C=O - Pt H,C=O + :Br- H,C-CH, H3C-CH, -C6H,NOz +HzO H2O+CO + - + H2O CH3COOH + 2Ag(NH3); 30HH,C(OH)CN (j) H2C=O + HCN (i) + H2 H SO4 heat (CH,),C=O + €320 + Br- H2C=CHCH3 \ I (4 H2C-CH2 \ / 0 HCOO- + 2Ag + 4NH3 + 2H2O (a) Elimination and an intramolecular displacement; a C-0 bond is formed in place of a C-Br bond.
Cl: The propagation steps constitute the overall reaction. (a)Write the equation for the overall reaction. (b)What are the intermediates in the overall reaction? (c) Which reactions are homolytic? (4 Which is a displacement reaction? (e) In 4 which reaction is addition taking place? (f) The collision of which species would lead to side products? + + (a) Add Steps 2 and 3: CH, C12 -+CH3C1 HCl. (b) The intermediates formed and then consumed are the H,C. and radicals. (c) Each step is homolytic. In Steps 1 and 3, C1, cleaves; in Step 2, CH, cleaves.
B) Yes, gives NH: and H,N-. (c) No, cannot accept H+. (d)No, cannot donate H+. (e) Yes, gives H2C03(CO, H20) and CO:-. cf> Yes, gives H,F+ and F-. 47 CH3OH. -+ CH3OH; This difference could result if CH,OH were a weaker base than H20. However, this might not be the case. The significant difference arises from solvation of the ions. Water solvates ions better than does methanol; thus the equilibrium is shifted more toward the right to form ions that are solvated by water. 48 Refer to Fig. 3-7, the enthalpy diagram for the reaction A -+ B.