By Prof. Pamela S. Soltis, Prof. Douglas E. Soltis (auth.), Johann Greilhuber, Jaroslav Dolezel, Jonathan F. Wendel (eds.)
This moment of 2 volumes on Plant Genome range presents, in 20 chapters, insights into the structural evolution of plant genomes with all its adaptations. beginning with an overview of plant phylogeny and its reconstruction, the second one a part of the quantity describes the structure and dynamics of the plant mobile nucleus, the 3rd examines the evolution and variety of the karyotype in quite a few lineages, together with angiosperms, gymnosperms and monilophytes. The fourth half offers the mechanisms of polyploidization and its organic results and value for land plant evolution. The 5th half bargains with genome dimension evolution and its organic value. including quantity I, this entire booklet at the plant genome is meant for college students and pros in all fields of plant technological know-how, delivering because it does a handy access right into a burgeoning literature in a fast-moving field.
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Additional info for Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2: Physical Structure, Behaviour and Evolution of Plant Genomes
Example text
2002), but in this case no accompanying burst of transposition was observed (Kashkush et al. 2003). Surprisingly, analysis of the history of retrotransposon colonisation of the wheat genomes also found that proliferation rates were neither enhanced nor repressed by polyploidisation (Charles et al. 2008). A more recent paper from the Kashkush group (Kraitshtein et al. 2010) examined the behaviour of a specific TE sub-family, the Veju TRIM retrotransposons, in a new allohexaploid. Veju was chosen as a high copy functional family, expected to be particularly sensitive to epigenetic changes.
However, sequence loss can occur surprisingly rapidly, as was first reported for newly formed allopolyploids in Brassica (Song et al. 1995), followed soon after by Triticum aestivum (Feldman et al. 1997). These early reports used restriction analysis and Southern blotting to detect changes in low-copy sequences. There were some differences between the species, with Brassica instabilities continuing beyond the fifth generation while wheat stabilised by the second or third allopolyploid generation (Ozkan et al.
N. Jones and T. Langdon pathways but the majority of plant small RNAs are 24 nt long, individually at low abundance and derived from transcripts generated by RNA polymerases IV and V. These enzymes supplement the universal RNA polymerase, Pol II, and produce templates primarily from intergenic and heterochromatic regions (Zheng et al. 2009) so that the targets of the 24 nt silencing RNAs (siRNAs) are predominantly mobile elements, tandem repeats and associated debris. In addition to transcripts from promoters in the repetitive elements themselves, there are a range of host driven transcripts, including for long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) which may result in almost all of the genome being transcribed at some point, and hence potentially able to generate siRNAs.