By Fiona Macarthur; et al
Metaphoric language is especially a lot the made from human motion, and plenty of students now declare that metaphor in language arises from metaphors in idea. however the purposes for why we predict metaphorically and communicate (gesture) in those methods might be rooted in rules of self-organization that describe the lifestyles, and types, of many different animate and inanimate issues, starting from snowflakes to termite nests. This chapter Read more...
content material: 1. checklist of participants, pvii; 2. Acknowledgements, pix-x; three. creation: Metaphor in use (by MacArthur, Fiona), p1-18; four. half 1. Contexts of analysis; five. bankruptcy 1. An evaluate of metaphor retrieval tools (by Berber Sardinha, Tony), p21-50; 6. bankruptcy 2. Metaphor in discourse: past the limits of MIP (by Kaal, Anna), p51-68; 7. bankruptcy three. Metaphor identity in Dutch discourse (by Pasma, Trijntje), p69-84; eight. bankruptcy four. finding metaphor applicants in really good corpora utilizing uncooked frequency and key-phrase lists (by Philip, Gill), p85-106; nine. half 2. Contexts of construction; 10. bankruptcy five. Metaphor version throughout L1 and L2 audio system of English: Do transformations on the point of linguistic metaphor subject? (by Johansson Falck, Marlene), p109-134; eleven. bankruptcy 6. Metaphorical expressions in L2 construction: the significance of the textual content subject in corpus examine (by Golden, Anne), p135-148; 12. bankruptcy 7. learning linguistic metaphor in local, non-native and specialist writing (by Chapeton-Castro, Claudia Marcela), p149-174; thirteen. half three. Contexts of interpretation; 14. bankruptcy eight. Appreciation and interpretation of visible metaphors in advertisements throughout 3 ecu international locations (by Mulken, Margot van), p177-194; 15. bankruptcy nine. English local audio system' interpretations of culture-bound eastern figurative expressions (by Azuma, Masumi), p195-216; sixteen. bankruptcy 10. the bounds of comprehension in cross-cultural metaphor: Networking in medicines terminology (by Trim, Richard), p217-236; 17. half four. Metaphor, subject, and discourse; 18. bankruptcy eleven. Conceptual kinds of terminological metaphors in marine biology: An English-Spanish contrastive research from an experientialist viewpoint (by Urena Gomez-Moreno, Jose Manuel), p239-260; 19. bankruptcy 12. Gestures, language, and what they display approximately proposal: A song teacher's use of metaphor in Taiwan (by Chuang, Ya-Chin), p261-282; 20. half five. Metaphor and tradition; 21. bankruptcy thirteen. Armed with endurance, pain an emotion: The conceptualization of existence, morality, and emotion in Turkish (by Aksan, Yesim), p285-308; 22. bankruptcy 14. Trolls (by Alm-Arvius, Christina), p309-328; 23. bankruptcy 15. A computational exploration of artistic similes (by Veale, Tony), p329-344; 24. half 6. Afterword and customers for destiny study; 25. bankruptcy sixteen. Metaphors, snowflakes, and termite nests: How nature creates such appealing issues (by Gibbs, Jr., Raymond W.), p347-372; 26. identify index, p373-374; 27. phrases index, p375-380
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Additional info for Metaphor in use : context, culture, and communication
Sample text
If this word were not on the database, this would mean it was never found in the previously handcoded texts to be metaphorically used, either because it appeared in the training data in its basic sense or it never appeared at all in the texts. 00001 for it. – Extract 3-word bundle preceding it: “all the energy” – Check that bundle in the ‘left bundle database’, which stores all 3-word bundles that preceded each metaphorically used word in the training data, together with its probability of metaphor use.
1612. 0001 to 13. But it is not the absolute score that matters, but its rank. As it turns out, this was the 7th highest ranking score for that particular text, and therefore it is likely that this word would have been considered for analysis. In order to evaluate the performance of the MCI, I first looked for texts or corpora that had been previously coded for metaphor use, so that the analyses were independent and did not necessarily reflect my own, but at the time I found only two texts, both in Cameron (2003).
As with precision, the Obama text is the one where the MCI did best; compared to the other texts, it is easier to retrieve a larger proportion of metaphors in this text than in the others. The explanation for this is the same as for precision, that is, this text must contain more of the single words and patterns that MCI has been trained to recognize. On average, in order to retrieve ¼ of all metaphors (25% recall), researchers would need to analyse the top 13% of the output list; in order to retrieve ½ of the metaphors (50% recall), they would have to look at three times as much output (39%); for 75% recall, 64% of the output must be considered, and for full recall, almost all of the output (96%).