By Christopher Lyle Johnstone
In hearing the emblems, Christopher Lyle Johnstone offers an remarkable entire account of the connection among speech and knowledge throughout virtually 4 centuries of evolving old Greek notion and teachings—from the mythopoetic culture of Homer and Hesiod to Aristotle’s treatises.
Johnstone grounds his learn within the cultural, conceptual, and linguistic milieu of archaic and classical Greece, which nurtured new methods of wondering and investigating the area. He makes a speciality of debts of trademarks and knowledge within the surviving writings and teachings of Homer and Hesiod, the Presocratics, the Sophists and Socrates, Isocrates and Plato, and Aristotle. in particular Johnstone highlights the significance of language arts in either speculative inquiry and functional judgment, a nexus that presages connections among philosophy and rhetoric that persist nonetheless. His examine investigates suggestions and matters key to the speaker’s paintings from the outset: knowledge, fact, wisdom, trust, prudence, justice, and cause. From those investigations definite issues of coherence emerge in regards to the nature of wisdom—that knowledge comprises wisdom of everlasting ideas, either divine and ordinary that it embraces useful, ethical wisdom that it facilities on apprehending and using a cosmic precept of share and stability that it permits its possessor to forecast the longer term and that the oral use of language figures centrally in acquiring and practising it.
Johnstone’s interdisciplinary account ably demonstrates that during the traditional global it used to be either the content material and kind of speech that almost all at once encouraged, woke up, and deepened the insights comprehended below the thought of knowledge.
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Additional info for Listening to the Logos: Speech and the Coming of Wisdom in Ancient Greece
Example text
Of these two modes of explanation (formal and functional), the latter, the anatomy of speech acts, was particularly liable to expansion. How long could a list be that included every possible degree of threat or apology or exhortation or promise or admonition or flattery or insult or rebuke or supplication that a speaker might want to communicate? , making a statement in the form of asking a question). Unlike most figures of thought, those schemes that do have a precise profile, that can be both formally identified and functionally analyzed, are a much smaller core group, persisting across the centuries despite their placement in different categories.
Nor is it really possible to factor out the emotional content from the argumentative content. Though there is a long tradition of distinguishing appeals to the reason from appeals to the emotions, the two halves that would be separated out in this analysis would not add up to the whole expressed by the aposiopesis, since inexpressibility is both an emotional and material point. Nuanced complexes of attitude plus material together constitute an argument and cannot really be untwined. Value-added theories of the figures have, then, been seriously misleading, especially when the value presumably added is a dissociable emotional dimension, and they have mistakenly reinforced a great division in language between two domains.
Yet these arguments share a family resemblance by virtue of the fact that they can all be succinctly expressed by an antimetabole. This type of argument by reversal was identified in the rhetorical tradition almost 2500 years ago as was the durable verbal device called the antimetabole that epitomizes it, an argumentative scheme that persists across centuries and situations. There is a long tradition, especially powerful in the text-based side of rhetorical studies, of emphasis on such formal techniques and on the argumentative strategies they can express.