
By Paul Zumthor
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Extra info for Le masque et la lumiere
Sample text
In an exercise of influence, the respondent mayor may not be aware that he has been influenced, and he too does not need to have a special motive for performing the influenced activity. The buyer could have purchased the car on the mechanic's recommendation, while believing that he had made the decision on some other grounds; 48 I NFL U ENe E, CON T R 0 L, AND POW E R and the man who stopped the car on his wife's request could have been motivated by everything from a sincere desire to make her happy to a resentful resignation to keeping her quiet.
Francis was unfree to decide to kill Gerald only if he preferred avoiding hanging over enjoying vengeance so intensely that he could not have decided on the course of homicide. To say that he could not have made this decision is to say that it is highly probable that wouldbe murderers with his preferences always decide not to kill. In dealing with human activities such as premeditated murder, however, it is very difficult to have this degree of confidence in our generalizations. Even if we assume that Francis has a strong desire to preserve his own life at any cost, we lack well confirmed hypergeneralizations that link his case with other types of psychological regularity.
Ignorance creates unfree- 38 F R E E D 0 M 0 F HUM A N ACT I V I TIE S dom when it creates a situation in which a man cannot do otherwise than he does, and once again this inability can be explicated only in terms of probability. Suppose that the laborer of the previous example has had only five years of schooling but would like to become a certified public accountant and increase his income and status. Since he knows nothing about accounting, he is clearly unfree to be an accountant at the moment, but if he knew how to proceed, he could eliminate this unfreedom by studying accounting, as a weakling can open alternative activities through physical training.