By Matt Carter, Jennifer C. Shieh
Neuroscience is, through definition, a multidisciplinary box: a few scientists research genes and proteins on the molecular point whereas others examine neural circuitry utilizing electrophysiology and high-resolution optics. A unmarried subject should be studied utilizing innovations from genetics, imaging, biochemistry, or electrophysiology. for that reason, it may be daunting for younger scientists or someone new to neuroscience to benefit how one can learn the first literature and strengthen their very own experiments.
This quantity addresses that hole, accumulating multidisciplinary wisdom and supplying instruments for realizing the neuroscience recommendations which are necessary to the sphere, and permitting the reader to layout experiments in numerous neuroscience disciplines.
- Written to supply a "hands-on" method for graduate scholars, postdocs, or a person new to the neurosciences
- Techniques inside of one box are in comparison, permitting readers to pick the simplest strategies for his or her personal work
- Includes key articles, books, and protocols for added specific study
- Data research containers in each one bankruptcy support with information interpretation and supply instructions on how top to symbolize results
- Walk-through containers advisor readers step by step via experiments
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Extra resources for Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience, Second Edition
Example text
We might hypothesize that a specific brain region will show a significant difference in signal intensity between the two conditions, but in this experiment such a specific hypothesis is unnecessary, as we can scan major regions of the brain (if not the entire brain) to identify all regions that significantly differ between the two stimulus conditions. What will be the subject’s task during the experiment? If all we ask the subjects to do is stare at the screen, they may become bored, distracted, and even fall asleep.
The subject must sign a release form to indicate that he or she is a willing participant in the study and that any data gathered can be used for publication. Finally, the subject must complete a brief survey about his or her personal health to ensure that there are no confounding variables such as history of mental health disease, cardiovascular disorders, or heavy use of alcohol or other drugs. The subject is also requested to remove any metal objects before entering the scanner, such as loose change, belt buckles, earrings, and so on.
In a typical experiment, a T2-weighted image of the brain is obtained prior to the presentation of a stimulus. After a stimulus is presented or the subject performs a task, additional T2-weighted images are obtained. As neurons become active due to the stimulus or task, the BOLD effect causes a relative increase in oxyhemoglobin to the microenvironment, and thus an increase in T2-weighted signal. The difference in T2 signal between the prestimulus and poststimulus time points and is measured color coded for visualization of the data.