Invertebrates - Page 2

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Ocelli present or absent; larvae aquatic, with lateral abdominal gills. Brachiopoda: introduction and integumentary sys- tem. Roundworms are typically microscopic, and occur in nearly every environment where there is water. The result of this and other changes was an acoel flatworm-like creature (phylum Platyhel- minthes). Benthic harpacticoids are often reported as detritus feeders, but many feed predominantly on microorganisms living on the surface of detritus or sediment particles (e.g., di- atoms, bacteria, and protist).

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The stylets anchor the worm to its host and the large glands secrete an anticoagulant. The terminal piece of the trilobite pygidium, the telson, is considered ho- mologous to the postsegmental pygidium of annelids and to the telson of other arthropods. Objections to bootstrapping phylogenies: A cri- tique. Many species and cultivars are available with a diversity of leaf colors, leaf forms, and growth habits. These terms are often confusing because the positions of vessels vary along the length of the trunk, and they are not clearly dorsal, medial, lateral, or ven- tral as the names imply.

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The lorica comprises six plates, which bear anteriorly directed spines around the base of the neck. No other sponge group produces gemmules as com- plex as those of the Spongillidae. Invertebrate, any animal that lacks a vertebral column, or backbone, in contrast to the cartilaginous or bony vertebrates. Others are multicellular, though lacking the cell-tissue specialization seen in the Metazoa or Plantae. Most freshwater oligochaetes are capable of asexual reproduction.

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Morphology, development, and biology of the pi- lidium larvae from the Swedish west coast. These animals range from ectoparasites with mouthparts modified for pierc- ing or tearing and sucking body fluids (e.g., many cope- pods, branchiurans, tantulocarids, several isopod fami- lies, and at least one species of ostracod) to the highly modified and fully parasitic rhizocephalans, whose bodies ramify throughout the host tissue and absorb nu- trients directly (Figures 16.25, 16.26).

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Thoracican and acrothoracican barnacles use their feathery thoracopods (cirri) to suspension feed. If the fish is insufficient- ly cooked and then eaten by a human, the metacercariae survive and are released from their cysts by the action of the host’s digestive enzymes. The most common genera to be imported for the aquarium trade are Euapta, Synapta, Synaptula or Opheodesoma. They do not take care of their young (called pups), but leave them to survive on their own.

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Animals in an ecosystem rely on the plants or other animals in that ecosystem for energy from food. For example, the sea star Pisaster giganteus is known to have a distinct form occurring in the southern part of its range, which is designated as a subspecies, Pisaster giganteus capitatus. Experiments on the formation of the ciliated plates in ctenophores. These models were originally ordered in 1877 but, when the use and display of glass models went out of fashion, the models were transferred to University College London and six other institutions.

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Archives available at http://www.vims.edu/~jeff/archive.htm =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:41:01 -0500 From: rbrusca@bio2.edu (R. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: THE HEXAPODA (INSECTS AND THEIR KIN) 39 Figure 17.35 Hemimetabolous development in three kinds of insects. (A) A hemipteran. (B) An orthopter- an. (C) A praying mantid egg case with two young hatchlings. (B)(A) (C) UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS Hexapod Evolution The Origin of the Hexapoda The first edition of this book presented the long-stand- ing, orthodox view of the Hexapoda, depicting them as the sister group to the Myriapoda, in a grouping known as the Atelocerata.

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The point (or points) at which the body fragments is typically species- specific, and can be anticipated by an ingrowth of the epidermis that produces a partition across the body called a macroseptum. The swimming of Nymphon gracile (Pycnogonida): The mechanics of the leg-beat cycle. The THE EMERGENCE OF THE ARTHROPODS 15UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS 1. UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS 12 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Figure 21.7 SEMs of some bryozoan colonies. (A,B) Idmodronea; portion of a branching colony. (C) Cribrilaria, shown growing on Idmodronea. (D) Disperella (whole specimen). (E) Rhamphostomella argentea, with ovicells and avicularia. (F) Thalamoporella; portion of colony with brood chambers. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS All other individuals of a colony are collectively referred to as heterozooids, of which there are several types, all incapable of feeding.

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He has served on panels for the National Science Board, National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Institution, PEW Program in Conservation and the Environment, Public Broadcasting Service, IUCN Species Survival Commission, and many others. As the worm grows, it periodically sheds its old cuticle and secretes a new, larger one. The presence of four radial canals and of tentacles in multiples of four (in hydromedusae) and the division of the stomach by mesenteries into four gastric pouches (in scyphomedusae) give most jellyfish a quadriradial (= tetramerous) symmetry (Figure 8.3A).

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Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish are all vertebrates - they have a "spinal column" made up of many bones. There is no true optic nerve in in- sects; the eyes connect directly with the optic lobe of the brain. The digestive tract has been completely lost. Functional explanations for animals with black, white (such as this Henricia) or transparent/translucent body walls seem to be explained pretty readily by light-related/lack of pigment type explanations.

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