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By Erik Trinkaus

Research of tradition and anatomy together with trauma of the folks of that cve in Iraq

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The Shanidar 4, 6, 8, and 9 remains, however, have been considerably more difficult to sort by individual. Shanidar 4, 6, 8, and 9 were discovered superimposed on each other. They represent either a single multiple burial or a series of single burials closely spaced in time. The order of burial seems to have been Shanidar 9 first and then Shanidar 8, 6, and 4, in that order (Solecki 1977). Most of their remains were removed in a block, to be sorted later in the Iraq Museum. Loose bones that became separated during removal of the block from the cave were collected and placed with the other remains in Baghdad.

Although this work is primarily descriptive, it is necessary to provide data from other hominid samples for a proper evaluation of the morphology of the Shanidar Neandertals. , Heim 1976; Suzuki and Takai 1970). Therefore, comparisons of the Shanidar specimens to other hominid samples will contain only summations of the data from the other samples, unless there is a reason to refer to particular specimens. Recent research in later Pleistocene human paleontology has shown that many traditional groupings of specimens are inaccurate reflections of the morphological patterns evident in the fossil record.

P. These age estimations are extremely tenuous and need to be substantiated by independent means. They are all dependent upon the two radiocarbon 14 2 SHANIDAR CAVE AND THE SHANIDAR NEANDERTALS determinations from the top of Layer D. These dates are beyond the range within which standard radiocarbon dating techniques produce reliable finite dates (Henry and Servello 1974) and they therefore may be only minimum ages. Furthermore, the Upper Pleistocene Near Eastern climatic sequence is considerably more complex than was previously believed (Farrand 1971,1979), and it is difficult to accept a constant rate of sedimentation within Shanidar Cave.

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