By Michael Winter, Amalia Levanoni
This paintings comprises 19 reviews via historians of the Mamluks. Drawing on fundamental Arabic resources, the reviews talk about relevant political, army, city, social, administrative, fiscal, monetary and non secular points of the Mamluk Empire that was once confirmed in 1250 via Mamluks.
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LEVANONI_F3_21-41 30 10/20/03 1:35 PM Page 30 risk to his life—to confront the Mongols, even seeking an audience with the Ìlkhàn. He first sought out Ghàzàn’s shaykh al-mashà"ikh in the city,31 but this was to no avail. 32 This was on 12 January. Two days later, having returned to Damascus, Ibn Taymiyya set out again for Ghàzàn’s camp (ordo)33 near Tall Ràhi†. He was introduced to the Ìlkhàn’s presences, but could not speak with him, having to make due with a short prayer for his sake and to leave quickly.
However, Mayer and his colleagues in the 1950 expedition, while referring to the inscription and its location above the mi˙ràb, made no mention of a turba. It is also worth noting that Evliya Tshelebi, who recorded his visit to the mosque in 1649, said nothing about the turba and the endowment inscription but did mention Bayabars’s portal inscription,12 as well as an additional, contemporaneous inscription; the latter must also have been lost during one of the restorations of the mosque. S. Blair, Islamic Inscriptions, New York, 1998, 68: “.
Sà al-Balawì who spent the years 1336–1240 on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. M. Or. ) 2286. S. Triton, “Three Inscriptions from Jerusalem” BSOAS, vol. XX (1957), 539. 28 See, for example, Mu˙ammad b. 'Abdus al-Ja˙shiyàrì, Kitàb al-Wuzarà" wa’lkuttàb, Cairo, 1938, 48, where al-Ja˙shiyàrì (d. 942) describes the reasons for the foundation of al-Ramla by Sulaymàn. See also: N. Luz, “The Construction of an Islamic City in Palestine. The Case of Umayyad al-Ramla”, JRAS, vol. VIII/i, 47. LEVANONI_F2_1-20 10/20/03 1:34 PM Page 13 13 that Mamluk rulers also built religious edifices and charitable institutions under the auspices of the waqf in order to secure their descendants’ income and circumvent the iq†à' system.