By Salif Diop, Jean-Paul Barusseau, Cyr Descamps
Although the focus of this publication is at the estuaries, its scope is going well past this actual coastal function. certainly, the estuary can basically be regarded as a part of the existence cycle of the total river and the marine zone it feeds into: a space fairly topic to human and average pressures.
The major estuaries and deltas of West and valuable Africa zone offer various items and providers to its coastal inhabitants. an important of them are with regards to severe fish habitat, wooden and charcoal from mangroves, in addition to house for agriculture, aquaculture, city improvement, tourism and transport.
Particular emphasis has been made during this e-book on mangroves that play an important position by way of flood control, groundwater replenishment, sea coast stabilization and security opposed to storms. in addition they maintain sediments and meals, purify water, and supply serious carbon garage. Such hydrological and ecological services clarify the focal point on serving mangrove ecosystems and the close by groups, which draw major source of revenue from fishing, rice creation, tourism, salt extraction and different actions reminiscent of harvesting honey and medicinal crops, as a result the necessity for protecting mangrove ecosystems to make sure sustainability of the estuaries and deltas of West and significant Africa region.
The e-book has a foreword through Mr. Achim Steiner, United international locations Under-Secretary normal and government Director of UNEP who isstating that credible and up to date details is key for the general public at huge yet extra particularly for scientists, researchers, managers, decision-makers all operating jointly so one can defend, guard and sustainably deal with estuaries, deltas and lagoons, and the coastal and ocean waters of Western and imperative Africa.
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Sample text
By the formation of a lagoon behind coastal sand, the Langue de Barbarie (Kane 1997). The late Holocene evolution has been studied by Elouard et al. (1977), Monteillet (1977 and 1988), Kane (1985) and Diouf (1989), mainly on the basis of an analysis of the sea level variations. The city of St. Louis was built in the estuary on flat land and semi-fixed dunes with alternating mudflats, creeks and tributaries of the Senegal River. 5 m NGI (Durand et al. 2010), which exposes it to frequent flooding.
The dam became the artificial boundary upstream of the estuary while the limit downstream remained the mouth, a unique outlet where sea water can go back into the river (Kane 1997). The Manantali dam completion in 1988 contributed to the complexity of the system. In addition to 28 A. Niang and A. Kane Fig. 3 Spatial and temporal mobility of the Langue de Barbarie and the Senegal River mouth from 1970 to 2002 and turbid plume dispersion (Niang 2002) rainfall, the hydrological functioning of the system was found to be highly dependent on the management options of the dams.
Kane and also to consider aspects related to forecasting the future evolution of the lower Senegal River estuary. The Study Area The Langue de Barbarie sand spit and the mouth are central focus in the management of the Senegal River estuary. The social environmental system is highly vulnerable to change due to decade of various threats impacting the Senegal River estuary (Kane 2010). Vulnerability is related to the damage which an ecosystem is likely to suffer following natural or anthropogenic catastrophes (D’Ercole 1994).