Download Sports Turf: Science, construction and maintenance by V.I. Stewart PDF

By V.I. Stewart

An in depth, useful consultant (with the backing of the most united kingdom experts) to the development and upkeep of activities grounds.

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Extra resources for Sports Turf: Science, construction and maintenance

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These could be slit drained first, leaving the treatment of other bad areas to subsequent years. If it is found that some, or all, of the laterals are no longer in working order through pipe damage or inadequacies in the backfill, these will have to be repaired or replaced before slitting can proceed, but again, this could be part of a phased programme. 2 Hockey Hockey is difficult, as the game requires a small ball to roll evenly along the surface and is played during the winter season, when the combined hazards of excess rainfall, frost and studded footwear make this particularly difficult to achieve.

The purpose of the permeable fill is to improve the efficiency of interception and direct the captured water down to a pipe, perforated to accept it throughout its length, then convey it onwards to a main. The function of a main is to collect drainage water gathered by the laterals and convey it without loss to the intended outfall. In a grid system, where slit drainage is proposed, the mains pipe should not normally be perforated and there is no need for the trench backfill to be other than soil.

This type of drain is widely used for interception along boundaries and at the foot of banks; also as a main where it can be sited clear of the playing and spectator areas. In certain situations, for example, as a catchment drain around a football pitch, or within banks where a continuous grass surface is required, a narrower trench, some 250 mm (10 in) wide, may suffice. This should be piped if necessary and backfilled with trench gravel to within 100 mm (4 in) of the surface, then topped with blinding sand to ground level without a fine soil capping.

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