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By Jean-Louis Le Moigne

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Additional resources for La théorie du système général

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SIMON et A. NEWELL discutaient fort bien cette distinction entre modèle et théorie, dans une étude hélas trop méconnue : Models — Their uses 14 LA THEORIE DU SYSTEME GENERAL l’actualité du mot : il pourrait s’agir d’une mode ! Elle tient à ce que la modélisation postule a priori non seulement la pluralité des modèles concevables d’un même phénomène, mais surtout la pluralité des méthodes de modélisation. ), des méthodes de modélisation pauvres, non scientifiques, juste tolérables pour les ingénieurs, les artistes, les stratèges, les comptables...

P. 59). Il semble que ce clivage se soit accentué ces dernières années 1, chacune des deux problématiques accusant mieux ses options épistémologiques de référence : La théorie générale du Système-Univers se veut positiviste et par là même relativement impérialiste : elle souhaite aboutir à des énoncés du type : « La théorie démontre que... », énoncés que les scientifiques pourraient imposer aux politiques. Les vertus heuristiques de cette nouvelle philosophie naturelle sont trop certaines pour que l’on se prive de ses services (et bien des références que l’on a utilisées dans ce livre et dans son actualisation renvoient à des travaux qui se veulent ostensiblement positivistes).

Projet inachevé pourtant, que révèle à nouveau notre mise en perspective : de l’autonomie perçue du phénomène modélisé à l’autonomie conçue du modèle, par la reconnaissance du processus automodélisateur que devra révéler une théorie de la modélisation systémique, il est quelques étapes qui ne sont pas encore toutes franchies. On comprendra mieux peut-être alors l’attention extrême que l’on propose de consacrer aux rares mais importants développements que connaît aujourd’hui la science de l’autonomie.

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