Download General and Applied Aspects of Halophilic Microorganisms by Hans G. Trüper, Jörg Severin, Axel Wohlfarth, Ewald Müller, PDF

By Hans G. Trüper, Jörg Severin, Axel Wohlfarth, Ewald Müller, Erwin A. Galinski (auth.), Francisco Rodriguez-Valera (eds.)

During contemporary years the topic of utmost environments and extremophiles has develop into a primary subject in sleek Biology. the potential of a few microorganisms to resist, and infrequently desire, the tough stipulations present in such environments helps to outline the physicho-chemicallimits of existence and as a result its crucial nature. Halophiles are some of the most consultant kinds of extremophiles, requiring excessive concentrations of inorganic salts, typically sodium chloride, to develop and live on. They inhabit hypersaline environments, the distribution and abundance of which dur ing geological eras are attested by means of the titanic quantities of evaporite rocks found in the Earth crust and by means of their function within the iteration of petroleum deposits. The corditions of excessive osmolarity and ionic power which are concomitant with centred salt ideas problem the soundness of lipid bilayers and the constitution of proteins forcing halophilic microbes to strengthen really good molecules and physiological me;;hanisms to deal with this environmental rigidity. in spite of this, halophilism is a frequent trait within the microbial global. the entire significant teams of eucaryotic microbes, teams of archaeobacteria and such a lot phylogenetic branches of eubacteria have halophilic representatives. hence, the research of halophilic microorganisms is certainly a hugely heterogeneous and extense subject. the current quantity includes the contributions to the FEMS-NATO complicated examine Workshop on "General and utilized elements of Halophilic Microorganisms" held at Alicante, Spain, September 17-22, 1989.

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In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names [9] published in 1980, only six moderately halophilic species were recognized; however, and on the basis of the many extensive taxonomic studies carried out during this decade, the number of species described increased drastically and at present there are rods, cocci and spirochetes, Gram-positive or Gram-negative, aerobic or anaerobic, and phototrophic or heterotrophic representatives. It should be pointed out that the majority of species are included in genera that group not only moderately halophilic bacteria, but also marine or non-halophilic species.

D. Grant, Natronobacterium gen. nov. and Natronococcus gen. , two new genera of haloalkaliphilic archaebacteria. System. Appl. Microbiol. 5: 41 (1984) M. Torreblanca, F. Rodriguez- Valera, G. Juez, A. Ventosa, M. Kamekura and M. Kates, Classification of non-alkaliphilic halo bacteria based on numerical taxonomy and polar lipid composition, and description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen. nov. System. Appl. Microbiol. 8: 89 (I 986) G. Juez, Taxonomy of Extremely Halophilic Archaebacteria, ill "Halophilic Bacteria, Vol.

Microbiol. 110:185 (1976) M. Kocur, in "Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology", Vol I. N. R. , Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (1984) C. Fendrich, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 11:36 (1988) [47] [48] [49] A. Ventosa, E. Quesada, F. Rodriguez-Valera, F. Ruiz-Berraquero and A. Ramos-Cormenzana, J. Cell. Microbial. 128:1959 (1982) A. Ventosa, M. C. Gutierrez, M. T. Garcia and F. Ruiz-Berraquero, Int. J. Syst. Bacterial. 39:382 (1989) A. Ventosa, A.

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