By Sheila Fitzpatrick
It is a historical past of Soviet schooling coverage 1921-34 that locations particular emphasis upon the subject of social mobility via schooling. one of many hitherto untold tales of Soviet historical past is the making of the 'Brezhnev generation', a cohort of younger employees and Communists despatched to better schooling through the First Five-Year Plan (1928-1932) and to that end catapulted into management positions within the wake of the nice Purge of 1937/38. a focus of this e-book is the academic regulations which not just produced the 'Brezhnev generation', but additionally associated Stalin's regime with the big upward mobility of the industrializing Nineteen Thirties. The e-book is the 1st accomplished heritage of Soviet schooling within the Twenties and early Thirties, and offers a sequel to the author's hugely praised Commissariat of Enlightenment. during this, as within the prior examine, the writer has used Soviet archival resources no longer formerly on hand to Western students.
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Additional resources for Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union 1921-1934
Sample text
9 In the secondary school, the 'complex' method was recommended more cautiously by Narkompros; and Blonsky, for one, claimed later that he had never regarded it as appropriate. 10 The programmes for grades v - v n , published in 1925, introduced 'complex' themes and the three headings of Nature, Labour and Society, but did not 22 Education and social mobility in the Soviet Union formally abolish the traditional school subjects. Physics, chemistry and biology were grouped together under Nature. Social studies using history and literature as illustrative material - was put under the heading of Society.
The first was the degree to which the education system should discriminate on grounds of social class, and what steps should be taken to further proletarian upward mobility through education. The second was the question of vocational specialization in education, involving the short-term requirements of economic reconstruction and the long-term imperatives of the commitment to industrial development. Alternative models: the Russian, Ukrainian and Komsomol systems Clearly in a socialist society all children would have equal opportunity.
Teachers were allies of the class enemy, Bergavinov told the Congress; and they were all the more dangerous for holding a position in the village which was (at least potentially) one of respect. Their links were with the kulaks and the priests, and it was hard to believe that any pledges of loyalty they might make to the 34 Education and social mobility in the Soviet Union ig2i-ig34 Soviet regime could be genuine. 'Our rural party forces.. will be threatened if we open the door of party membership widely to the teachers..