By Amanda J. Jenkins, Y.H. Caplan
Even supposing the specimen of selection within the US drug trying out is urine, and serum in medical medication, curiosity has lately grown within the use of different matrices as drug trying out media. This e-book offers researchers and forensic toxicologists with a handy common textual content summarizing the kingdom of information this day. Chapters concentration in particular at the program of those practices to medicinal drugs of abuse. The updated details supplied is complemented with thorough references.
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Extra resources for Drug Testing in Alternate Biological Specimens (Forensic Science and Medicine)
Sample text
Deposition of Drugs in the Fetus Because of the obvious ethical limitation of providing known amounts of drug to pregnant women, much of the research in the area of drug deposition has been conducted in animals. Studies using pregnant sheep and guinea pigs have demonstrated the presence of both parent drug and metabolites in offspring. However, it still remains difficult to predict the metabolic fate of a drug in the maternal–fetal unit as the various breakdown pathways (oxidation, conjugation, hydrolysis reduction) can be promoted or retarded by fetal or placental enzymes.
12 Kerrigan and Goldberger The transfer of drug into the milk depends on metabolism, protein binding, and the circulation of blood in the mammary tissue. The total protein concentration of plasma (75 g/L) far exceeds that of breast milk (8 g/L), which limits the passage of highly protein-bound drugs into the milk. Passive diffusion is largely responsible for transporting the drug across the mammary epithelium, interstitial fluid, and plasma membranes into the milk. Drugs that are extensively protein bound may not readily pass into the milk, but emulsified fats contained in the milk may concentrate highly lipid-soluble drugs.
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