By Tony Lawson, Joan Garrod
'Recommended as an invaluable source for knowing the language of sociology'
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In their different ways, the existentialists placed renewed stress on the correlation between consciousness and its objects which had been Husserl’s initial starting point and they combined this with an emphasis on the contingent, contexted and ‘interested’ nature of the encounters between the h u m a n subject and the world. They also reinforced the view, expressed in Husserl’s last writings (Husserl, 1970b), that all h u m a n reflection is grounded in the Lebenswelt, the mundane world of lived experience already existing as a product of the unreflecting cognitions of ordinary actors.
It cannot handle the sharing of knowledge in the remaining, and empirically predominant, cases of norma¬ tively determined institutionalized actions which Parsons had laboured to open up for sociological investigation. Plainly the sharing of knowledge in these other spheres requires a different analysis. Parsons resolves this issue by a variant of his‘institutional- 28 A Parsonian Backdrop ization theorem’. Here, he proposes, common value standards will determine the nature and limits of knowable‘fact’ within any given institutional framework.
CHAPTER 3 T h e Phenomenological I n p u t The surest symptom of impending change in a theoretical system is increasingly general interest in the residual categories. Parsons, The Structure of Social Action Of the many considerations which may have contributed to Garfinkel’s recourse to phenomenological concepts in his approach to the analysis of mundane cognition, the following stand out as immediately suggestive. As already noted, the phenomenological movement, which represented the sole systematic assault on the problem of cognition in an intellectual climate hostile to cognitive analysis, was the primary repository of conceptualization and debate relevant to his interests.