By Bernard L Horecker; Earl Reece Stadtman
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Example text
In B. subtilis an enzyme w a s described, called isoleucine d e h y d r o g e n a s e , w h i c h w a s i n d u c e d b y i s o e l u c i n e . A p o s s i b l e r o l e for t h i s e n z y m e in the b i o s y n t h e s i s o f b r a n c h e d - c h a i n fatty a c i d s h a s b e e n d i s c u s s e d (183). R u m e n bacteria convert branched-chain acids into isoleucine, l e u c i n e , a n d v a l i n e b y a n u n u s u a l b i o s y n t h e t i c p a t h w a y (6, 7, 195). S o m e o f t h e s e b a c t e r i a s h o w a n a b s o l u t e g r o w t h r e q u i r e m e n t for b r a n c h e d - c h a i n fatty a c i d s e v e n i n the p r e s e n c e o f c a s e i n h y d r o l y s a t e , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e s e a c i d s p e r f o r m a n essential f u n c t i o n different f r o m isoleucine and valine biosynthesis.
Typhimurium w h e r e o u r k n o w l e d g e is the most advanced. Acetolactate synthase, isomeroreductase, and dihy d r o x y a c i d d e h y d r a s e c a t a l y z e b o t h the r e a c t i o n n e e d e d for i s o l e u c i n e b i o s y n t h e s i s a n d t h e o n e n e e d e d for v a l i n e b i o s y n t h e s i s . M u t a n t s t r a i n s t h a t are a l t e r e d i n o n l y o n e o f the t w o r e a c t i o n s h a v e not b e e n r e p o r t e d . A l s o , i n h i b i t o r s specific for o n e o f the t w o r e a c t i o n s are not known.
85) is d e r e p r e s s e d o n l y w h e n l e u c i n e is l i m i t e d . T h i s s h o w s t h a t at least o n e o f the e n z y m e s for l e u c i n e b i o s y n t h e s i s is u n d e r l e u c i n e c o n t r o l , w h i l e t h r e o n i n e d e a m i n a s e a n d d i h y d r o x y a c i d d e h y d r a s e are regulated by multivalent repression exerted by isoleucine, leucine, a n d v a l i n e . T h i s c o n c l u s i o n is o f c o u r s e b a s e d o n t h e r e a s o n a b l y safe assumption that single structural genes exist in these m i c r o o r g a n i s m s for b o t h t h r e o n i n e d e a m i n a s e a n d d i h y d r o x y a c i d d e h y d r a s e .